PEDAGOGY ONE LINER MCQS
Pedagogy is the science and art of teaching. Understanding its principles helps educators create effective, engaging, and inclusive learning environments. These short and focused questions help in preparing for exams like B.Ed, CT, PST, and other teaching-related tests.
Founders and Early Educators
- Who is regarded as the father of modern education?
Answer: John Amos Comenius - Who wrote “Didactica Magna”?
Answer: John Amos Comenius - Who is known as the father of progressive education?
Answer: John Dewey - Who introduced the concept of “learning by doing”?
Answer: John Dewey - Who emphasized “child-centered education”?
Answer: Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Who wrote “Emile, or On Education”?
Answer: Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Who is called the father of kindergarten?
Answer: Friedrich Froebel - Who emphasized play-way method of learning?
Answer: Friedrich Froebel - Who is known for the Montessori Method of education?
Answer: Maria Montessori - Who emphasized “learning through senses”?
Answer: Maria Montessori - Who introduced the “Project Method”?
Answer: William Heard Kilpatrick - Who emphasized “education as life itself”?
Answer: John Dewey - Who developed the “Taxonomy of Educational Objectives”?
Answer: Benjamin Bloom - Bloom’s taxonomy consists of how many levels in the cognitive domain?
Answer: Six - Who revised Bloom’s taxonomy in 2001?
Answer: Anderson and Krathwohl - Who emphasized “zone of proximal development”?
Answer: Lev Vygotsky - Who developed the theory of “scaffolding”?
Answer: Jerome Bruner - Who emphasized discovery learning?
Answer: Jerome Bruner - Who gave the theory of multiple intelligences?
Answer: Howard Gardner - How many intelligences were originally proposed by Gardner?
Answer: Seven
Short Note:
These pioneers shaped modern education through ideas like discovery, learning by doing, and individualized instruction — forming the base for today’s teaching theories.
Learning Theories and Psychologists
- Who emphasized experiential learning theory?
Answer: David Kolb - Kolb’s learning cycle has how many stages?
Answer: Four - Who developed the theory of operant conditioning?
Answer: B.F. Skinner - Who is known as the father of behaviorism?
Answer: John B. Watson - Who gave the classical conditioning theory?
Answer: Ivan Pavlov - Who introduced the law of effect?
Answer: Edward Thorndike - Who gave the theory of connectionism?
Answer: Edward Thorndike - Who introduced the concept of reinforcement?
Answer: B.F. Skinner - Who developed the social learning theory?
Answer: Albert Bandura - Who emphasized observational learning?
Answer: Albert Bandura - Who is known for the “Bobo doll experiment”?
Answer: Albert Bandura - Who emphasized the role of imitation in learning?
Answer: Albert Bandura - Who developed the Gestalt theory of learning?
Answer: Wolfgang Köhler - Who emphasized insight learning?
Answer: Wolfgang Köhler - Who is known for field theory in learning?
Answer: Kurt Lewin - Who gave the theory of motivation based on hierarchy of needs?
Answer: Abraham Maslow - Maslow’s hierarchy of needs has how many levels?
Answer: Five - Who introduced the concept of self-actualization?
Answer: Abraham Maslow - Who gave the expectancy theory of motivation?
Answer: Victor Vroom - Who is associated with the two-factor theory of motivation?
Answer: Frederick Herzberg
Short Note:
These theories explain how humans learn and stay motivated — from behaviorism and reinforcement to self-actualization and experiential learning.
Educational Psychology and Cognitive Development
- Who developed the theory of emotional intelligence?
Answer: Daniel Goleman - Who is called the father of educational psychology?
Answer: Edward Thorndike - Who wrote “Principles of Psychology”?
Answer: William James - Who is known for child development theory of cognitive stages?
Answer: Jean Piaget - Piaget’s cognitive development has how many stages?
Answer: Four - Who introduced the sensory-motor stage?
Answer: Jean Piaget - Who developed the concept of conservation in children?
Answer: Jean Piaget - Who is associated with moral development theory?
Answer: Lawrence Kohlberg - Kohlberg’s theory of moral development has how many levels?
Answer: Three - Who emphasized “constructivism in education”?
Answer: Jean Piaget - Who emphasized cooperative learning strategies?
Answer: David Johnson and Roger Johnson - Who developed the inquiry method of teaching?
Answer: Richard Suchman - Who introduced the heuristic method?
Answer: H.E. Armstrong - Who is known for the play theory of education?
Answer: Froebel - Who introduced the Dalton Plan of education?
Answer: Helen Parkhurst - Who developed the Winnetka Plan?
Answer: Carleton Washburne - Who introduced the concept of “problem-solving method”?
Answer: John Dewey - Who developed programmed instruction?
Answer: B.F. Skinner - Who is associated with mastery learning approach?
Answer: Benjamin Bloom - Who emphasized competency-based education?
Answer: Robert Mager
Short Note:
Psychological and developmental theories guide how students think, reason, and progress — crucial for understanding how minds grow through experience.
Curriculum, Methods & Modern Pedagogy
- Who introduced the spiral curriculum?
Answer: Jerome Bruner - Who emphasized discovery method of teaching science?
Answer: Jerome Bruner - Who introduced the “child-centered curriculum”?
Answer: Rousseau - Who is called the father of educational sociology?
Answer: Emile Durkheim - Who wrote “Education and Sociology”?
Answer: Emile Durkheim - Who emphasized social efficiency in education?
Answer: John Dewey - Who wrote “Democracy and Education”?
Answer: John Dewey - Who is regarded as the father of modern educational technology?
Answer: B.F. Skinner - Who introduced the concept of programmed learning?
Answer: B.F. Skinner - Who is associated with cognitive apprenticeship?
Answer: Collins, Brown, and Newman - Who emphasized situated learning?
Answer: Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger - Who introduced the concept of “communities of practice”?
Answer: Etienne Wenger - Who developed experiential learning cycle?
Answer: David Kolb - Who emphasized reflective teaching?
Answer: Donald Schön - Who wrote “The Reflective Practitioner”?
Answer: Donald Schön - Who emphasized action research in education?
Answer: Kurt Lewin - Who is associated with critical pedagogy?
Answer: Paulo Freire - Who wrote “Pedagogy of the Oppressed”?
Answer: Paulo Freire - Who emphasized dialogue method in teaching?
Answer: Paulo Freire - Who developed the concept of “banking model of education”?
Answer: Paulo Freire
Short Note:
This section highlights educational philosophy, curriculum design, and innovative pedagogical approaches that shape modern classrooms worldwide.
Constructivism and Social Learning
- Who emphasized liberation pedagogy?
Answer: Paulo Freire - Who wrote “The School and Society”?
Answer: John Dewey - Who developed the theory of education for democracy?
Answer: John Dewey - Who introduced the concept of “experiential education”?
Answer: David Kolb - Who emphasized moral education as socialization?
Answer: Emile Durkheim - Who is associated with social constructivism?
Answer: Lev Vygotsky - Who introduced the concept of “more knowledgeable other”?
Answer: Lev Vygotsky - Who emphasized peer tutoring?
Answer: Lev Vygotsky - Who developed the theory of mind concept?
Answer: John Flavell - Who is associated with metacognition theory?
Answer: John Flavell - Who emphasized higher-order thinking skills (HOTS)?
Answer: Benjamin Bloom - Who introduced critical thinking framework in education?
Answer: Richard Paul - Who emphasized creative thinking in learning?
Answer: J.P. Guilford - Who developed the Structure of Intellect model?
Answer: J.P. Guilford - Who emphasized divergent thinking?
Answer: J.P. Guilford - Who developed the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking?
Answer: E. Paul Torrance - Who is associated with learning styles theory?
Answer: David Kolb - Who introduced the VARK model of learning?
Answer: Neil Fleming - VARK stands for?
Answer: Visual, Auditory, Reading/Writing, Kinesthetic - Who is known for experiential outdoor education?
Answer: Kurt Hahn
Short Note:
These modern theories explore how collaboration, reflection, and creativity enhance learning — bridging traditional and modern classroom practices.
Educational Philosophy and Thinkers
- Who wrote Republic emphasizing ideal state and education?
Answer: Plato - Who was Aristotle’s teacher?
Answer: Plato - Who is called the father of idealism in education?
Answer: Plato - Who founded the Lyceum School?
Answer: Aristotle - Who emphasized realism in education?
Answer: Aristotle - Who is the founder of pragmatism in education?
Answer: Charles Sanders Peirce - Who is known for instrumentalism in education?
Answer: John Dewey - Who emphasized existentialism in education?
Answer: Jean-Paul Sartre - Who is called the father of naturalism in education?
Answer: Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Who wrote Social Contract?
Answer: Rousseau - Who emphasized that education should follow nature?
Answer: Rousseau - Who is known as the founder of essentialism?
Answer: William C. Bagley - Who introduced perennialism in education?
Answer: Robert Hutchins - Who emphasized progressivism in education?
Answer: John Dewey - Who gave the concept of reconstructionism?
Answer: Theodore Brameld - Who introduced realism as a philosophy of education?
Answer: Aristotle - Who believed “education is a social process”?
Answer: John Dewey - Who stated “education is the manifestation of perfection already in man”?
Answer: Swami Vivekananda - Who emphasized spiritual education?
Answer: Rabindranath Tagore - Who wrote Shiksha?
Answer: Rabindranath Tagore
Short Note:
Educational philosophy shapes teaching goals and values — linking thought, culture, and practice to create well-rounded learners.
Teaching Methods and Strategies
- What is the main focus of lecture method?
Answer: Teacher-centered delivery - What is the focus of discussion method?
Answer: Student participation - What is demonstration method mainly used for?
Answer: Practical subjects - Which method is known as heuristic?
Answer: Learning by discovery - What is the advantage of group discussion?
Answer: Promotes critical thinking - Who introduced the Dalton Plan?
Answer: Helen Parkhurst - Who developed the Project Method?
Answer: William H. Kilpatrick - What is the focus of Montessori Method?
Answer: Learning through sensory experience - Which method uses “learning by doing”?
Answer: Activity-based method - What is the purpose of micro-teaching?
Answer: To develop specific teaching skills - What is simulation in teaching?
Answer: Real-life practice without risk - What is brainstorming used for?
Answer: Generating creative ideas - What is blended learning?
Answer: Combining online and face-to-face learning - What is flipped classroom?
Answer: Students learn at home, practice in class - What is peer tutoring?
Answer: Students teaching each other - What is scaffolding in learning?
Answer: Providing support to learners - What is inquiry-based learning?
Answer: Learning through questioning and exploration - What is reflective teaching?
Answer: Evaluating one’s teaching for improvement - What is differentiated instruction?
Answer: Tailoring lessons for diverse learners - What is experiential learning?
Answer: Learning through experience and reflection
Short Note:
Modern teaching strategies focus on interaction, reflection, and creativity — replacing rote learning with engagement and understanding.
Educational Evaluation and Assessment
- What is formative assessment?
Answer: Ongoing evaluation during learning - What is summative assessment?
Answer: Final evaluation after instruction - What is diagnostic assessment?
Answer: Identifies learning difficulties - What is criterion-referenced test?
Answer: Compared with fixed standards - What is norm-referenced test?
Answer: Compared with group performance - Who developed Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives?
Answer: Benjamin Bloom - What is the highest level of Bloom’s taxonomy?
Answer: Evaluation - In revised Bloom’s taxonomy, what is the top level?
Answer: Creating - What is portfolio assessment?
Answer: Collection of student work over time - What is rubrics used for?
Answer: Setting clear grading criteria - What is reliability in testing?
Answer: Consistency of results - What is validity in testing?
Answer: Accuracy of measurement - What is achievement test?
Answer: Measures acquired knowledge - What is aptitude test?
Answer: Predicts potential ability - What is diagnostic test?
Answer: Detects learning weaknesses - What is criterion validity?
Answer: Test predicts future performance - What is a checklist used for?
Answer: Observing specific behaviors - What is rating scale used for?
Answer: Measuring attitude or performance level - What is self-assessment?
Answer: Learners evaluate their own progress - What is peer assessment?
Answer: Evaluation by fellow students
Short Note:
Assessments ensure continuous improvement, identify strengths and weaknesses, and guide teachers toward effective learning outcomes.
Classroom Management and Discipline
- What is the main goal of classroom management?
Answer: Maintain effective learning environment - What is positive discipline?
Answer: Encouraging good behavior through support - What is preventive discipline?
Answer: Avoiding problems before they arise - What is assertive discipline?
Answer: Firm yet respectful teacher control - What is self-discipline?
Answer: Students managing their behavior - Who developed behavior modification theory?
Answer: B.F. Skinner - What is reinforcement?
Answer: Reward to strengthen behavior - What is punishment in behaviorism?
Answer: Discouragement of undesired actions - What is token economy?
Answer: Using tokens as rewards - What is intrinsic motivation?
Answer: Motivation from within - What is extrinsic motivation?
Answer: Motivation from external rewards - What is democratic classroom management?
Answer: Shared decision-making with students - What is authoritarian classroom management?
Answer: Strict teacher control - What is laissez-faire classroom management?
Answer: Minimal teacher interference - What is role of teacher in discipline?
Answer: Guide, mentor, and model of behavior - What is counseling in education?
Answer: Helping students resolve problems - What is empathy in classroom?
Answer: Understanding student feelings - What is teacher authority based on?
Answer: Knowledge and respect - What improves classroom control most effectively?
Answer: Clear rules and consistent routines - What promotes positive learning climate?
Answer: Respect, fairness, and encouragement
Short Note:
Effective classroom management blends structure, empathy, and motivation — ensuring discipline and active learning go hand in hand.
Educational Technology & Innovation
- What is educational technology?
Answer: Application of tech tools in education - What is ICT in education?
Answer: Information and Communication Technology - What is smart classroom?
Answer: Digitally equipped learning space - What is e-learning?
Answer: Learning through electronic media - What is m-learning?
Answer: Learning via mobile devices - What is virtual learning environment (VLE)?
Answer: Online system for course management - What is LMS?
Answer: Learning Management System - Give one example of LMS.
Answer: Google Classroom - What is MOOC?
Answer: Massive Open Online Course - Give one MOOC example.
Answer: Coursera - What is gamification?
Answer: Using game elements in learning - What is AR in education?
Answer: Augmented Reality - What is VR in education?
Answer: Virtual Reality - What is artificial intelligence used for in education?
Answer: Personalized learning and analytics - What is adaptive learning?
Answer: Adjusting content to learner needs - What is digital literacy?
Answer: Ability to use digital tools effectively - What is flipped learning?
Answer: Study content at home, practice in class - What is hybrid learning?
Answer: Mix of online and in-person learning - What is cloud-based learning?
Answer: Accessing educational resources online - What is the role of teacher in technology-based education?
Answer: Facilitator and guide
Short Note:
Technology-driven education encourages innovation, collaboration, and flexibility — making learning more engaging and accessible globally.
Learning Theories and Psychology
- Who is known as the father of modern psychology?
Answer: Wilhelm Wundt - Who proposed the theory of classical conditioning?
Answer: Ivan Pavlov - Who developed operant conditioning theory?
Answer: B.F. Skinner - Who proposed the law of effect?
Answer: Edward Thorndike - Who introduced cognitive development theory?
Answer: Jean Piaget - Who gave the theory of social learning?
Answer: Albert Bandura - Who proposed the concept of “insight learning”?
Answer: Wolfgang Köhler - Who introduced Gestalt theory?
Answer: Max Wertheimer - Who proposed the hierarchy of needs?
Answer: Abraham Maslow - What is the top level of Maslow’s hierarchy?
Answer: Self-actualization - Who developed multiple intelligence theory?
Answer: Howard Gardner - What is the first stage in Piaget’s theory?
Answer: Sensorimotor stage - At what age does concrete operational stage begin?
Answer: Around 7 years - What is behaviorism focused on?
Answer: Observable behavior - What does cognitive theory emphasize?
Answer: Mental processes - What is constructivism?
Answer: Knowledge built through experiences - Who gave the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
Answer: Lev Vygotsky - What is the main focus of humanistic theory?
Answer: Self-growth and potential - What is the role of reinforcement in learning?
Answer: Strengthens desired behavior - Who gave the concept of trial and error learning?
Answer: Thorndike
Short Note:
Learning theories explain how people acquire knowledge and behavior — essential for improving teaching methods and learner motivation.
Child Development and Education
- At what age does adolescence start?
Answer: Around 13 years - What is early childhood age range?
Answer: 3–6 years - Who introduced stages of psychosocial development?
Answer: Erik Erikson - What is the first stage of Erikson’s theory?
Answer: Trust vs. Mistrust - Who proposed moral development theory?
Answer: Lawrence Kohlberg - What is the first stage of moral reasoning?
Answer: Pre-conventional - Who gave the attachment theory?
Answer: John Bowlby - What is emotional intelligence?
Answer: Managing and understanding emotions - What is cognitive development?
Answer: Growth of thinking and reasoning skills - What is fine motor skill?
Answer: Small muscle movement (e.g., writing) - What is gross motor skill?
Answer: Large muscle movement (e.g., walking) - What is puberty?
Answer: Physical and hormonal change in adolescence - What is learning disability?
Answer: Difficulty in reading, writing, or math - What is dyslexia?
Answer: Reading disorder - What is autism spectrum disorder?
Answer: Developmental disorder affecting communication - What is the role of play in learning?
Answer: Promotes social and cognitive skills - What is inclusive education?
Answer: Education for all students together - Who is the father of child-centered education?
Answer: John Dewey - What is self-concept?
Answer: One’s perception of self - What promotes child motivation most effectively?
Answer: Praise and encouragement
Short Note:
Child development studies physical, mental, and emotional growth — guiding teachers to nurture each child’s learning potential.
Curriculum Development
- What is curriculum?
Answer: Planned learning experiences - Who defined curriculum as “all experiences of learner”?
Answer: John Dewey - What is hidden curriculum?
Answer: Unwritten, informal lessons learned in school - What is core curriculum?
Answer: Common subjects for all students - What is integrated curriculum?
Answer: Combines multiple subjects - What is spiral curriculum?
Answer: Revisiting concepts with increasing depth - Who proposed spiral curriculum?
Answer: Jerome Bruner - What is learner-centered curriculum?
Answer: Focused on student needs and interests - What is subject-centered curriculum?
Answer: Focused on content mastery - What is activity-centered curriculum?
Answer: Focused on practical experience - What is flexible curriculum?
Answer: Allows adjustments based on learners - What is a syllabus?
Answer: Outline of topics for a course - What is scope in curriculum?
Answer: Breadth and depth of content - What is sequence in curriculum?
Answer: Order of content presentation - What is curriculum evaluation?
Answer: Assessing effectiveness of content - What is formative evaluation in curriculum?
Answer: Continuous improvement during implementation - What is summative evaluation in curriculum?
Answer: Final evaluation after completion - What is national curriculum?
Answer: Curriculum set by government authority - What is curriculum framework?
Answer: Guiding structure for curriculum design - What is curriculum implementation?
Answer: Applying curriculum in classrooms
Short Note:
Curriculum development ensures structured, relevant education — aligning goals, content, and evaluation for effective learning outcomes.
Educational Administration and Supervision
- What is educational administration?
Answer: Planning and organizing educational activities - Who is the father of scientific management?
Answer: F.W. Taylor - Who developed administrative management theory?
Answer: Henri Fayol - What is supervision in education?
Answer: Guidance and improvement of teaching - What is the goal of supervision?
Answer: Professional growth of teachers - What is inspection in education?
Answer: Checking compliance with standards - What is decision-making in administration?
Answer: Selecting best course of action - What is leadership in education?
Answer: Influencing staff toward goals - Who proposed theory X and Y?
Answer: Douglas McGregor - What is theory X assumption?
Answer: People dislike work - What is theory Y assumption?
Answer: People find work satisfying - What is participative leadership?
Answer: Shared decision-making - What is autocratic leadership?
Answer: One-way decision control - What is democratic leadership?
Answer: Collaborative approach - What is delegation of authority?
Answer: Assigning tasks with responsibility - What is time management?
Answer: Effective use of time for goals - What is coordination?
Answer: Harmonizing efforts and resources - What is motivation in administration?
Answer: Encouraging staff productivity - What is organizational climate?
Answer: Work atmosphere and culture - What improves school efficiency most?
Answer: Effective leadership and teamwork
Short Note:
Educational administration focuses on leadership, coordination, and supervision — key to achieving institutional goals smoothly.
Educational Research and Measurement
- What is educational research?
Answer: Systematic study of educational problems - What is qualitative research?
Answer: Descriptive and interpretive research - What is quantitative research?
Answer: Numerical and statistical research - What is hypothesis?
Answer: A testable assumption or prediction - What is sampling?
Answer: Selecting a group from a population - What is population in research?
Answer: Entire group under study - What is variable?
Answer: Characteristic that can change - What is independent variable?
Answer: Manipulated by researcher - What is dependent variable?
Answer: Observed or measured outcome - What is validity?
Answer: Accuracy of measurement - What is reliability?
Answer: Consistency of results - What is data analysis?
Answer: Interpreting collected data - What is descriptive research?
Answer: Describes characteristics of a group - What is experimental research?
Answer: Tests cause and effect - What is action research?
Answer: Research by teachers to improve practice - What is case study?
Answer: In-depth study of one unit - What is correlation study?
Answer: Examines relationship between variables - What is longitudinal study?
Answer: Study over a long period - What is cross-sectional study?
Answer: Study at a single time point - What is the main aim of educational research?
Answer: Improve teaching and learning process
Short Note:
Educational research refines teaching through evidence — promoting innovation, reliability, and continuous improvement in education.
Conclusion
Pedagogy plays a vital role in shaping education. Mastering its principles empowers teachers to build creative, participative, and outcome-based classrooms — ensuring learning becomes a meaningful experience for every student.
Faqs
Q1: What is pedagogy?
Pedagogy is the art and science of teaching that involves strategies, techniques, and understanding student behavior for better learning.
Q2: Why is pedagogy important for teachers?
It improves classroom effectiveness and helps design activities that meet diverse learning needs.
Q3: What is the difference between pedagogy and andragogy?
Pedagogy refers to child learning methods, while andragogy applies to adult education.
Q4: What are Bloom’s three domains?
Cognitive (knowledge), Affective (attitudes), and Psychomotor (skills)