Software engineering mainly deals with?Hardware designingSoftware development and maintenanceNetworkingOperating systems onlyB) Software development and maintenanceSoftware engineering focuses on building, testing, and maintaining software systems.
The primary goal of software engineering is:Writing as much code as possibleReducing software cost and improving qualityIgnoring user requirementsDelivering projects lateB) Reducing software cost and improving qualitySoftware engineering aims for high quality, low cost, timely software.
Which model is also called the “successive refinement” model?SpiralWaterfallIncrementalPrototypeC) IncrementalThe incremental model delivers software in small, refined builds.
Which is NOT a functional requirement?User authenticationTransaction processingSystem performanceData validationC) System performancePerformance is a non-functional requirement.
CASE tools are used in:Hardware manufacturingSoftware developmentDatabase administrationNetwork configurationB) Software developmentCASE tools help automate software development activities.
Which of the following is NOT a software process model?WaterfallSpiralAgileBinary TreeD) Binary TreeBinary Tree is a data structure, not a process model.
Which model is known as the “classic” software development model?SpiralAgileWaterfallV-ModelC) WaterfallThe Waterfall model is a linear sequential approach and considered the traditional development model.
In software engineering, SRS stands for:Software Revision ScheduleSoftware Requirements SpecificationSystem Resource SpecificationStructured Requirement SheetB) Software Requirements SpecificationSRS is a document that defines functional and non-functional requirements of a system.
Which of the following is a white-box testing technique?Boundary Value AnalysisEquivalence PartitioningStatement CoverageBeta TestingC) Statement CoverageStatement coverage is a white-box testing technique to ensure every line of code is executed.
CASE tools are used for:Code executionSoftware maintenance onlyAutomating software development activitiesDatabase creation onlyC) Automating software development activitiesCASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) tools assist in analysis, design, coding, and testing.
Spiral model is best suited for:Small projects with well-defined requirementsProjects with high risk and evolving requirementsProjects with no riskWaterfall replacement onlyB) Projects with high risk and evolving requirementsSpiral model combines iterative development with risk analysis at every cycle.
Which of the following is NOT a software quality attribute?MaintainabilityUsabilityPortabilityVirtualizationD) VirtualizationVirtualization is a computing concept, not a direct software quality attribute.
Regression testing is performed to:Test new functionality onlyEnsure old functionality still works after changesOptimize code performancePerform load testingB) Ensure old functionality still works after changesRegression testing verifies that recent changes haven’t broken existing features.
A prototype is built to:Optimize codeClarify user requirements Increase project costReplace final systemB) Clarify user requirementsPrototyping allows users to visualize requirements before final implementation.
Which diagram is used in UML to represent system behavior?Class DiagramActivity DiagramComponent DiagramDeployment DiagramB) Activity DiagramActivity diagrams depict dynamic aspects of the system and workflows.
Spiral model is best suited for:Small projects onlyProjects with unclear requirementsProjects with no riskProjects with fixed budgetB) Projects with unclear requirementsSpiral model combines iterative development with risk analysis for evolving requirements.
Which of these is NOT a software process model?WaterfallAgileSpiralGanttD) GanttGantt chart is a project scheduling tool, not a process model.
Verification ensures:Building the right productBuilding the product rightDeployment successCustomer satisfactionB) Building the product rightVerification checks if the software meets the specifications correctly.
ISO 9126 focuses on:Hardware DesignSoftware Quality AttributesNetwork PerformanceUI LayoutsB) Software Quality AttributesISO 9126 defines characteristics like functionality, reliability, and usability for software quality.
Which tool is used for version control?JiraGitJenkinsSeleniumB) GitGit is a distributed version control system to manage code history.
Which model uses prototypes to refine requirements?WaterfallSpiralPrototype ModelV-ModelC) Prototype ModelPrototype model creates early sample versions of the system for user feedback.
In software engineering, maintainability means:Software is easy to installSoftware is easy to modify and updateSoftware is cheapSoftware runs fastB) Software is easy to modify and updateMaintainability refers to ease of correcting, improving, or adapting software.
Which diagram shows interactions between system and external entities?Class DiagramDFD (Context Diagram)State DiagramER DiagramB) DFD (Context Diagram)Context diagram shows system boundaries and data flows with external actors.
Function points are used to measure:Size of software functionalityHardware performanceTest coverageComplexity of algorithmsA) Size of software functionalityFunction points count user functions delivered, useful for project estimation.
Which of these is a white-box testing technique?Boundary Value AnalysisControl Flow TestingEquivalence PartitioningBeta TestingB) Control Flow TestingWhite-box testing examines internal control flow and logic of code.
Which model is best suited when requirements are not clearly understood?Waterfall ModelSpiral ModelV-ModelBig Bang ModelB) Spiral ModelSpiral model incorporates risk analysis and handles evolving requirements.
Functional requirements describe:System securitySystem performanceWhat the system should doDevelopment tools usedC) What the system should doFunctional requirements define services the system must provide.
Which testing method checks modules as a group?Unit TestingIntegration Testing Regression TestingSystem TestingB) Integration TestingIntegration testing validates combined modules working together.
A software metric that measures complexity is:Cyclomatic ComplexityCode CoverageFault DensityTest Case CountA) Cyclomatic ComplexityCyclomatic complexity measures linearly independent paths in code.
CASE tools are used for:Hardware simulationAutomated software development supportCompiler design onlyOperating system tuningB) Automated software development supportCASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) tools assist in analysis, design, and testing.
Which life cycle model is also called the linear sequential model?SpiralAgileWaterfallV-ModelC) WaterfallWaterfall is a linear model where each phase is completed before moving to the next.
Which diagram is used to represent system interactions with external entities?ER DiagramDFDFlowchartSequence DiagramB) DFDData Flow Diagrams (DFD) show system data flow with entities.
Which testing ensures new changes don’t affect existing features?Unit TestingRegression TestingIntegration TestingAcceptance TestingB) Regression TestingRegression tests check that existing functionality is intact after modifications.
Which metric measures software size?Cyclomatic ComplexityFunction PointsDefect DensityCode CoverageB) Function PointsFunction points measure software functionality provided to the user.
Which is not an Agile methodology?ScrumXPRADWaterfallD) WaterfallWaterfall is traditional, not iterative like Agile methods.
Which model is best for projects with high risk?WaterfallSpiralBig BangV-ModelB) SpiralSpiral emphasizes risk analysis at every iteration.
Which document defines system requirements formally?SRSDFDER DiagramTest PlanA) SRSSoftware Requirement Specification documents functional and non-functional requirements.
Black-box testing focuses on:Internal codeUser requirements and outputsMemory usageData structuresB) User requirements and outputsBlack-box testing checks functionality without knowing implementation.
Which quality factor measures how easily a system can adapt?UsabilityMaintainabilityPortabilityReliabilityB) MaintainabilityMaintainability measures effort required to modify software.
Which is not a software process model?WaterfallAgileSpiralMultithreadingD) MultithreadingMultithreading is a programming technique, not a process model.
Agile methodology emphasizes:Documentation over working softwareWorking software over documentationProcesses over individualsTools over peopleB) Working software over documentationAgile values functionality more than excessive documentation.
Which diagram shows dynamic interactions?Class diagramUse-case diagramSequence diagramER diagramC) Sequence diagramSequence diagrams model object interactions over time.
Verification ensures:Product meets requirementsSystem is built correctlyErrors are fixed post-deploymentPerformance is optimalB) System is built correctlyVerification checks development process compliance.
Which is not a CASE tool?Rational RoseVisual ParadigmTurbo C++Enterprise ArchitectC) Turbo C++Turbo C++ is a compiler, not a CASE tool.
Which maintenance fixes bugs?PerfectiveCorrectiveAdaptivePreventiveB) CorrectiveCorrective maintenance addresses defects after release.
Which model is called the “classic life cycle”?SpiralWaterfallIncrementalPrototypeB) WaterfallWaterfall is the traditional SDLC model.
Functional requirements describe:Security needsSystem servicesDesign constraintsPerformanceB) System servicesThey specify what the system must do.
SRS stands for:Software Resource SheetSoftware Requirement SpecificationSystem Requirement SheetStandard Requirement StatementB) Software Requirement SpecificationSRS defines system functional and non-functional requirements.
Which diagram shows interactions between objects?Use case diagramSequence diagramState diagramClass diagramB) Sequence diagramSequence diagrams model object communication over time.
ISO 9001 is related to:NetworkingSoftware qualitySecurityHardwareB) Software qualityISO 9001 ensures quality management systems.
Which model is known as the "linear sequential model"?AgileWaterfallSpiralRADB) WaterfallThe waterfall model proceeds sequentially through phases.
In Agile, "sprints" are typically:1–4 weeks6–12 months2–3 days2–10 daysA) 1–4 weeksAgile sprints are short cycles for iterative development.
The main focus of requirement engineering is:CodingDefining what the system should doDebuggingDeploymentB) Defining what the system should doRequirement engineering deals with eliciting and analyzing requirements.
Verification ensures:The system meets customer needsThe product is built correctlyThe system is deployed successfullyNone of theseB) The product is built correctlyVerification = "Are we building the product right?"
Which is NOT a software quality attribute?UsabilityReliabilityMaintainabilityInheritanceD) InheritanceInheritance is a programming concept, not a quality attribute.
Which SDLC model is most suitable for large, high-risk projects?WaterfallSpiralAgileRADB) SpiralThe spiral model emphasizes risk analysis and prototyping.
Function Point Analysis (FPA) is used to measure:Code lengthSoftware sizeDebugging timeHardware costB) Software sizeFPA measures software size in terms of functionality delivered.
Which is NOT a software process metric?ProductivityDefect densityCyclomatic complexityCode reuseC) Cyclomatic complexityCyclomatic complexity is a product metric, not a process metric.
Which document contains detailed system requirements?SRSSDSDFDUML diagramA) SRSSoftware Requirement Specification lists functional and non-functional requirements.
Which testing ensures individual units of code are working?Integration testingRegression testingUnit testingSystem testingC) Unit testingUnit testing validates small modules in isolation.
Which model is known as the "build and fix" model?WaterfallPrototypingCode-and-fixSpiralC) Code-and-fixCode-and-fix is an ad-hoc, unstructured model.
ISO/IEC 9126 is related to:Software qualityDatabase designHardware testingNetworkingA) Software qualityISO 9126 defines software quality attributes.
Which one is NOT a part of Agile principles?Customer collaborationFollowing a strict planResponding to changeWorking softwareB) Following a strict planAgile values adaptability over rigid plans.
Risk management is most emphasized in which SDLC model?SpiralIncrementalV-modelAgileA) SpiralSpiral focuses on risk assessment at each iteration.
Which metric measures program complexity?LOCHalstead metricsCyclomatic complexityFunction pointC) Cyclomatic complexityIt counts linearly independent paths in a program.
Which SDLC model is known as the “linear-sequential model”?Spiral ModelAgile ModelWaterfall ModelV-ModelC) Waterfall ModelWaterfall follows a strict sequential phase approach.
What does SRS stand for in software engineering?Software Requirement StatementSoftware Resource SpecificationSoftware Requirements SpecificationSystem Resource SheetC) Software Requirements SpecificationSRS is the document defining complete software requirements.
Which metric measures the degree of interaction among modules?CohesionCouplingReliabilityMaintainabilityB) CouplingCoupling refers to interdependence among modules.
In Agile methodology, what is a “sprint”?A long-term project milestoneA short development iterationA documentation phaseA testing planB) A short development iterationSprint is a time-boxed development cycle in Agile.
What is the main focus of CASE tools?Testing hardwareAutomating software development tasksManaging operating systemsDatabase administrationB) Automating software development tasksCASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) tools automate analysis, design, coding, and testing.
Which is not an Agile framework?ScrumKanbanExtreme ProgrammingWaterfallD) WaterfallWaterfall is traditional, not Agile.
What is the primary goal of software testing?DebuggingVerification and ValidationDocumentationDeploymentB) Verification and ValidationTesting ensures the system meets requirements.
Which diagram represents system interactions with external entities?Class DiagramUse Case DiagramState DiagramER DiagramB) Use Case DiagramUse Case diagrams show actor-system interactions.
In SDLC, which phase comes right after analysis?MaintenanceTestingDesignCodingC) DesignSystem design follows requirement analysis.
Which is a non-functional requirement?Login functionalityReport generationResponse time < 2 secPassword resetC) Response time < 2 secPerformance is non-functional.
Which model emphasizes risk analysis at each iteration?Spiral ModelWaterfall ModelAgile ModelIncremental ModelA) Spiral ModelSpiral combines iterative development with risk management.
What is the first phase of requirement engineering?Requirement AnalysisRequirement ElicitationRequirement ValidationRequirement SpecificationB) Requirement ElicitationElicitation gathers needs from stakeholders.
Which tool is used for version control in software projects?UMLGitCASE ToolJIRAB) GitGit manages source code versions and collaboration.
