On 29 October 2025, which major U.S. tech company became the world’s first to reach a market valuation of $5 trillion?Apple Inc.Microsoft CorporationNvidia CorporationAlphabet Inc.C) Nvidia CorporationOn October 29, 2025, Nvidia’s stock surged, helping it become the first company to hit a $5 trillion market cap, driven by high demand for AI chips and favourable market sentiment.
On that date, which central bank was widely expected to cut interest rates by a quarter of a percentage point, but faced difficulty due to a lack of fresh economic data caused by a government shutdown?Bank of EnglandEuropean Central BankFederal Reserve (USA)Bank of JapanC) Federal Reserve (USA)The U.S. central bank was expected to announce a 25 basis point rate cut. However, the shutdown of many federal agencies meant key economic data were missing, complicating policy decisions.
On 29 October 2025, which natural event reached its perihelion (closest approach to the Sun)?Comet 3I/ATLASThe Moon (during a lunar perigee)The planet MarsHalley’s CometA) Comet 3I/ATLASThe interstellar object Comet 3I/ATLAS reached its closest point to the Sun (perihelion) on October 29, 2025, a rare event that drew attention from astronomers.
On 28 October 2025, global stock markets reached new highs. What was a key driver of the rally?A surprise jump in U.S. inflationEasing U.S.–China trade tensions and strong earnings in tech stocksA major oil supply disruption in the Middle EastA sudden weakening of the U.S. dollarB) Easing U.S.–China trade tensions and strong earnings in tech stocksMarkets climbed as signs emerged of easing trade tension between the U.S. and China and technology firms delivered strong guidance, boosting investor sentiment.
Also on 28 October 2025, the commodity gold dropped to a recent low. What was the context for this move?A sharp increase in global inflationRenewed safe-haven demand due to geopolitical riskA reduction in safe-haven demand as U.S.–China trade deal hopes improvedA collapse in global manufacturing outputC) A reduction in safe-haven demand as U.S.–China trade deal hopes improvedGold slipped to a three-week low as improving trade outlook between the U.S. and China dampened demand for safe-haven assets.
On 28 October 2025, an important negotiation between Afghanistan and Pakistan ended in Istanbul. What was the outcome?They signed a comprehensive peace treatyThe talks were postponed indefinitely due to COVID-19The negotiations ended without any workable solutionPakistan agreed to withdraw all troops from the borderC) The negotiations ended without any workable solutionTalks mediated by Turkey and Qatar concluded in Istanbul but failed to produce a resolution, with both sides blaming each other.
On 27 October 2025, the Federal Reserve was widely expected to make which move at its forthcoming meeting?Raise interest rates by 0.25%Keep rates unchangedCut interest rates by 0.25%End its quantitative tightening programmeC) Cut interest rates by 0.25%Markets were pricing in a 25 basis point rate cut by the Fed, given moderating inflation and weak data, despite some data disruptions.
On the same day, global stock markets jumped notably. What key driver was cited for this rally?A surprise major oil supply cut by OPECA framework trade deal between the U.S. and ChinaA breakdown in trade negotiations with IndiaA sharp drop in U.S. corporate earnings expectationsB) A framework trade deal between the U.S. and ChinaOptimism rose because senior officials from the U.S. and China agreed on a trade-deal framework ahead of a meeting between Donald Trump and Xi Jinping, boosting global stocks.
Also on 27 October 2025, what happened with the U.S. dollar and the Japanese yen?The dollar fell sharply to multi-year lows against the yenThe dollar hit a two-week high against the yenThe yen strengthened to a record high against the euroThe dollar and yen remained unchanged amid high volatilityB) The dollar hit a two-week high against the yenThe dollar strengthened to its highest level in over two weeks versus the yen, reflecting expectations of strong U.S. monetary policy and trade improvements.
On October 26 2025, Donald Trump announced a 10 % tariff increase on Canadian goods. What triggered this move?A surge in Canadian steel exportsA Canadian televised advertisement criticizing U.S. tariffsCanada entering a defence pact with ChinaA Canadian drone strike on U.S. soilB) A Canadian televised advertisement criticizing U.S. tariffsTrump imposed the tariff in retaliation for an anti-tariff TV ad funded by Ontario’s government.
On that same day, which major diplomatic event began in Malaysia?The 2025 APEC SummitThe 47th Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) SummitThe United Nations General Assembly special sessionThe G20 Leaders’ MeetingB) The 47th ASEAN SummitThe ASEAN Summit (26-28 October 2025) took place in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
On October 26 2025, which country became the 11th member of ASEAN?BhutanTimor-LestePapua New GuineaMongoliaB) Timor-LesteTimor-Leste formally joined ASEAN as its 11th member during the 26-28 October summit.
On October 25, 2025, multiple Russian strikes hit Ukraine overnight. According to reports, what was a key demand made by Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskyy following those strikes?Withdrawal of all Russian forces from Crimea by end of yearThe United States should supply long-range missiles to UkraineImmediate admission of Ukraine into NATOA ceasefire deal with Russia without prisoner exchangeB) The United States should supply long-range missiles to UkraineThe Guardian reported that after Russian strikes killed at least four people, Zelenskyy called on the US to provide long-range missiles and expand oil sanctions on Russia
On October 25, 2025, an election took place in Ireland. Which candidate won a landslide victory to become President?A Fine Gael candidateA Fianna Fáil candidateCatherine Connolly, an independent left-wingerA Sinn Féin candidateC) Catherine Connolly, an independent left-wingerThe Guardian noted that Catherine Connolly won Ireland’s presidential election by about 63% of the vote, representing a major upset for the establishment
On October 25, 2025, the US imposed new tariffs on which country in response to that country airing an anti-tariff TV advertisement?MexicoCanadaUnited KingdomAustraliaB) CanadaCoverage from The Guardian indicated the US raised tariffs on Canada by 10% after Ontario ran a TV ad criticising US tariffs
On 24 October 2025, the Federal Reserve (US) faced a shortage of key economic data because:A major financial tracking system collapsedThe government shutdown interrupted releases of labour & retail dataA global cyber-attack shut down data feedsAll data agencies were reorganised under a new lawB) The government shutdown interrupted releases of labour & retail dataThe government shutdown cut off many key datasets used by the Fed, making policy decisions more difficult.
On 24 October, the US released its September CPI data showing:Inflation rose significantly more than expected (above 0.6% m/m)Inflation was lower than expected, reinforcing bets on rate cutsInflation paused and went negative for the monthInflation matched exactly market expectationsB) Inflation was lower than expected, reinforcing bets on rate cutsA Reuters summary said US CPI rose 0.3% vs expected 0.4%, supporting expectations of interest-rate cuts.
On 24 October, global markets responded how to the inflation data?Stocks fell sharply, gold surgedStocks rose to record highs, oil and dollar were mutedStocks were flat, commodities crashedBonds soared while stock markets collapsedB) Stocks rose to record highs, oil and dollar were mutedAccording to Reuters, major stocks posted record closing highs after the softer inflation print; oil prices eased
. On 23 October 2025, the Vladimir Putin administration described the newly announced U.S. sanctions on Russia’s oil companies as:A welcome step toward peace negotiationsIrrelevant and symbolic onlyAn “unfriendly act” but unlikely to affect Russia’s economyA violation of NATO treatiesC) An “unfriendly act” but unlikely to affect Russia’s economyRussian officials called the U.S. sanctions on top oil firms Rosneft and Lukoil an “unfriendly act” yet claimed they would not hurt Russia’s economy.
On 23 October 2025, the World Health Organization (WHO) director-general made remarks about the situation in Gaza, stating that the ceasefire:Was fully stable and no violations had occurredHad collapsed entirely and entered open war againWas fragile, had been violated, but still continuesWould be replaced by a peace agreement within 24 hoursC) Was fragile, had been violated, but still continuesThe WHO briefing said the ceasefire announced two weeks earlier is fragile, has been violated, but remains in place.
According to 23 October 2025 reports, global markets responded to the Russia oil sanctions by:Declining sharply across all asset classesShowing a rise in oil prices and stocks up on upbeat earningsHaving no reaction due to delayed effectCollapsing the gold marketB) Showing a rise in oil prices and stocks up on upbeat earningsMarkets saw stocks rise on strong earnings and oil price gains driven by the sanctions on Russia.
On 22 October 2025, Vladimir Putin oversaw a test of Russia’s nuclear forces, which included launches from land, sea and air. What was the primary stated purpose of this exercise?To threaten deployment of new nuclear weapons to Asia-PacificTo rehearse readiness and command structure of Russia’s nuclear forcesTo launch the first operational “Yars” ICBM into serviceTo perform a joint nuclear drill with ChinaB) To rehearse readiness and command structure of Russia’s nuclear forcesThe test included a land-based “Yars” ICBM, a “Sineva” missile from a submarine, and nuclear-capable cruise missiles from strategic bombers—aimed at practising the readiness and command structure.
On the same day, the United Nations-backed military observers reported that both sides in the Ukraine-Russia conflict launched heavy overnight missile strikes. What triggered this renewed violence?A surprise Russian naval invasion of CrimeaThe collapse of peace talks after Russia rejected a ceasefire summitUkraine’s election of a new president demanding immediate push into Russian territoryA breakdown of a negotiated prisoner swapB) The collapse of peace talks after Russia rejected a ceasefire summitAfter Russia rejected the proposed summit with the U.S., plans for the 2025 Budapest Summit were put on hold and the next day witnessed heavy missile strikes.
On 22 October 2025, the United States Department of Commerce announced it was considering new export-control measures on software intended for which country?IndiaChinaUnited KingdomJapanB) ChinaThe Trump administration was deliberating plans to curb exports of software-powered items to China—including laptops, jet-engines, and other goods that contain or are produced with U.S. software—to retaliate against China’s export restrictions on rare-earths.
On 21 October 2025, a joint statement on Ukraine was issued by multiple Western leaders including Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Keir Starmer, Emmanuel Macron and others. What key pledge did the statement make?To withdraw all troops from Ukraine by end of 2025To support a just and lasting peace for the people of UkraineTo impose immediate economic blockade on RussiaTo provide Ukraine with nuclear weapons assistanceB) To support a just and lasting peace for the people of UkraineThe statement said, “We are all united in our desire for a just and lasting peace, deserved by the people of Ukraine.”
On 21 October 2025, Qatar Airways launched flights to which destination, becoming the 12th destination in that country served by the airline?Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaThe Red Sea (Saudi Arabia)Muscat, OmanKuwait City, KuwaitB) The Red Sea (Saudi Arabia)Qatar Airways announced it would begin three weekly flights starting 21 October 2025 to The Red Sea, Saudi Arabia — their 12th destination in the Kingdom
On 21 October 2025, who was elected as the first female Prime Minister of Japan?Yukiko KatoSanae TakaichiMari YamaguchiAya KawasakiB) Sanae TakaichiSanae Takaichi was elected the first female Prime Minister of Japan on 21 October 2025.
On October 20, 2025, the Volodymyr Zelenskyy announced that Ukraine was preparing to purchase which key defence system following his meeting with Donald Trump?S-400 air defence systemsPatriot air defence systemsTHAAD missile defence systemsIron Dome variantB) Patriot air defence systemsZelenskyy said Ukraine was preparing a contract to buy 25 Patriot air-defence systems, marking a significant boost to its missile-defence capability.
On October 20, 2025, which country announced a nationwide test of its emergency-warning systems as part of its national preparedness initiative?United Arab EmiratesSaudi ArabiaJapanAustraliaB) Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia said it would conduct a nationwide test of fixed-sirens and mobile phone alerts in selected regions (Riyadh, Tabuk, Makkah) on that date.
On October 20, 2025, the Louvre Museum in Paris was targeted by a daring robbery. What was stolen?Ancient manuscriptsPriceless jewellery piecesA famous paintingA sculpture by MichelangeloB) Priceless jewellery piecesA gang of thieves made off with eight 19th-century jewellery items, triggering a major investigation and global media attention.
On October 19, 2025, which museum in Paris was closed after a daring jewellery heist involving items from the French Crown Jewels?Musée d’OrsayCentre PompidouMusée du LouvreMusée de l’OrangerieC) Musée du LouvreOn October 19 the Louvre was forced to close after thieves made off with “priceless” jewellery from the Galerie d’Apollon, the first such major theft there since 1998.
On the same day, tensions flared as Israel halted aid to Gaza, claiming that which group violated the cease-fire?HezbollahIslamic JihadHamasAl-ShababC) HamasIsrael accused Hamas of violating the week-old truce and responded by halting humanitarian aid through crossings such as Kerem Shalom and Rafah.
On October 19, 2025, which country did Donald Trump reportedly urge to make territorial concessions in talks with Ukraine’s leader?PolandBelarusRussiaTurkeyC) RussiaAccording to reports, Trump urged Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to make concessions to Russia during a meeting, raising concerns about pressure on Ukraine’s negotiating stance.
The State of Finance for Forests 2025 (SFF 2025) by the United Nations Environment Programme highlighted that global investments in forests must increase by what factor by 2030?DoubleTripleQuadrupleStay the sameB) TripleThe report stated that investments in forests need to triple by 2030 to meet climate, biodiversity and land-restoration goals
On 18 October, the United Nations Global Geospatial Information Management for Asia and the Pacific (UN-GGIM-AP) elected which country as co-chair for 2025-28?NepalSri LankaMyanmarIndiaD) IndiaIndia was elected co-chair of UN-GGIM-AP for the 2025-28 term.
18 October 2025 is observed as which international day focused on women’s health?International Women’s DayGlobal - Women’s Sanitation DayWorld Menopause DayInternational Day of the GirlC) World Menopause DayWorld Menopause Day is observed on 18 October, and in 2025 the focus was on holistic, preventive and restorative care for women during menopause.
On 17 October 2025, the World Trade Organization (WTO) chief warned that a decoupling of the world’s two largest economies could reduce global economic output by how much?~2%~5%~7%~10%C) ~7%The WTO head said the U.S.–China trade war could cut global output by about 7 % in the longer term.
On the same day, global stock markets fell and gold prices hit record highs. What was one key driver cited in the reports?A forecast of global deflationCredit‐stress concerns in U.S. regional banksA sudden surge in oil pricesA major cyberattack in EuropeB) Credit‐stress concerns in U.S. regional banksMarkets were rattled by signs of credit stress at U.S. regional lenders, leading to risk-off sentiment and higher gold as safe-haven
On 17 October, futures for oil were set to close the week with a loss. What key geopolitical move contributed to that outlook?Iran threatened to close the Strait of HormuzDonald Trump and Vladimir Putin agreed to a summit to discuss ending the Ukraine warSaudi Arabia announced production cutsA major OPEC + member imposed sanctions on RussiaB) Trump and Putin agreed to a summit to discuss ending the Ukraine warThe upcoming meeting between Trump and Putin added uncertainty to energy markets, contributing to the oil weekly loss.
On October 16, 2025, the UN and observers reported that in the Pakistan-Afghanistan clashes since October 10:At least 100 people were killedOver 360 people were woundedPakistan dropped nuclear weaponsA permanent border wall was agreedB) Over 360 people were woundedThe UNAMA reported that at least 18 people were killed and over 360 injured in the clashes. R
Also on October 16, 2025, Donald Trump announced that after the Gaza ceasefire, his next focus would be:Invading North KoreaEnding the Russia-Ukraine warNormalizing relations with IranRejoining the Paris Climate AgreementB) Ending the Russia-Ukraine warTrump said he was now weighing providing long-range weapons to Ukraine and pushing for Russia to negotiate
On October 16, 2025, gold markets hit a new record high. Which of these was cited as a driver?Deflationary pressures in EuropeStrong U.S. economic growthSafe-haven demand amid U.S.–China tensions and rate cut betsA collapse of technology stocksC) Safe-haven demand amid U.S.–China tensions and rate cut betsGold’s rally was fueled by investors seeking safe assets amid trade tensions, expectations of Fed rate cuts, and uncertainty over the U.S.–China situation.
On October 15, 2025, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan, which constitutional/legal event took place?A new governor was appointedThe High Court struck down a law on provincial autonomyThe newly elected Chief Minister, Sohail Afridi, took oath of officeThe provincial assembly was dissolvedC) The newly elected Chief Minister, Sohail Afridi, took oath of officeOn that day, Governor Faisal Karim Kundi administered the oath to Sohail Afridi as the Chief Minister of KP as per a court order.
On October 15, 2025, Pakistan and Afghanistan agreed to a 48-hour ceasefire after deadly clashes. What triggered those clashes?Disputes over water resourcesAirstrikes and ground fighting along their shared borderA border trade disagreementRefugee movement tensionsB) Airstrikes and ground fighting along their shared borderThe truce followed intensified air and ground attacks in border areas like Spin Boldak and Chaman, resulting in civilian and military casualties.
Also on this date, Pakistan reached a staff-level agreement with the IMF for the release of funds under its bailout program. How much money was to be released?$500 million$1.2 billion$2 billion$750 millionB) $1.2 billionPakistan and the IMF agreed on releasing $1.2 billion from the existing bailout package after negotiations in Islamabad.
On October 14, 2025, what tragic event took place in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan?A bomb exploded in a marketA police officer escorting polio vaccination workers was shot deadA hostage crisis in a schoolA landslide killed dozensB) A police officer escorting polio vaccination workers was shot deadAccording to reported events in “2025 in Pakistan,” on 14 October a police officer escorting polio vaccination teams was murdered by suspected militants in Matta, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
The Global Leaders’ Meeting on Women concluded on October 14, 2025, in which city?New YorkBeijingGenevaNairobiB) BeijingThe Global Leaders’ Meeting on Women was held in Beijing from 13 to 14 October 2025, co-hosted by China and UN Women.
On October 14, 2025, which of the following geopolitical / international developments was reported?Israel halved its aid into Gaza over the slow return of dead hostagesThe G20 summit began in Saudi ArabiaChina imposed sanctions on IndiaThe US announced withdrawal from NATOA) Israel halved its aid into Gaza over the slow return of dead hostagesAccording to live updates reported on October 14, one of the developments was that Israel decided to cut its humanitarian aid into Gaza, citing delays in the return of bodies of Israeli hostages.
On October 13, 2025, world leaders met in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt to do what?Celebrate a regional economic unionSign a Gaza ceasefire / peace agreementLaunch a new climate treatyHost the G20 SummitB) Sign a Gaza ceasefire / peace agreementThe 2025 Gaza peace summit was held in Sharm el-Sheikh on October 13, where multiple countries signed a ceasefire agreement following the recent hostages-for-prisoners exchange.
On October 13, 2025, a Coup d’état occurred in which country after weeks of protests?EgyptSudanMadagascarMaliC) MadagascarOn that day, the military unit CAPSTAT carried out a coup in Madagascar, following large protests.
On October 13, 2025, the Global Leaders’ Meeting on Women began in which city?BeijingNew YorkGenevaJohannesburgA) BeijingThe Global Leaders’ Meeting on Women was co-hosted by China and UN Women in Beijing, held October 13–14, 2025.
On October 12, 2025, a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas was in effect, enabling a hostage-prisoner exchange. According to reports, how many living Israeli hostages was Hamas expected to release?102050100B) 20Under the agreement, Hamas was expected to release 20 living hostages, while Israel would free nearly 2,000 Palestinian prisoners
In the context of the Afghanistan–Pakistan conflict, on 12 October 2025, the Taliban claimed more than how many Afghan soldiers were killed by Pakistan in retaliatory strikes?102050100B) 20The Taliban spokesperson stated that over 20 Afghan soldiers had been killed by the Pakistani army, and claimed 58 Pakistani personnel had been killed in retaliation.
On October 12, 2025, South Africa experienced a tragic accident on its N1 National Route in the northern part of the country. What occurred?A train collided with a busA bus fell off a mountain passA multi-vehicle highway pileupA landslide buried a roadB) A bus fell off a mountain passA bus fell off a mountain pass near Louis Trichardt on the N1, killing 42 people and injuring 49.
On October 11, 2025, Egypt announced that a global summit on Gaza will be chaired by which two leaders?Emmanuel Macron and Benjamin NetanyahuDonald Trump and Abdel Fattah al-SisiKeir Starmer and Recep Tayyip ErdoğanAntónio Guterres and Xi JinpingB) Donald Trump and Abdel Fattah al-SisiEgypt confirmed that former U.S. President Donald Trump and Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi will co-chair a peace summit in Sharm el-Sheikh to address the Gaza war.
On the same date, Australia experienced a tragic aviation incident. What happened?A military jet crashed during trainingA commercial airliner had an emergency landingA small plane crashed at Shellharbour Airport, killing all aboardA drone collided with a regional aircraftC) A small plane crashed at Shellharbour Airport, killing all aboardA Piper PA-32R aircraft crashed during takeoff at Shellharbour Airport in Albion Park Rail, New South Wales, killing all three occupants.
On October 11, 2025, India’s government designated three ports as Green Hydrogen Hubs under its National Green Hydrogen Mission. Which of these was not among the three?DeendayalV.O. ChidambaranarParadipVisakhapatnamD) VisakhapatnamThe three ports recognized as Green Hydrogen Hubs are Deendayal, V.O. Chidambaranar, and Paradip. Visakhapatnam was not listed among them.
On October 10, 2025, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to whom?Donald TrumpVolodymyr ZelenskyyMaría Corina MachadoGreta ThunbergC) María Corina MachadoThe 2025 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Venezuelan opposition leader María Corina Machado for her work promoting democratic rights in Venezuela.
On the same day, Russia carried out a major drone and missile attack on Ukraine’s infrastructure. What was the specific target emphasized in reports?Military bases near the borderUkraine’s energy facilitiesAgricultural fields in the eastCommunications satellitesB) Ukraine’s energy facilitiesThe overnight attack struck key energy infrastructure in Ukraine, causing widespread power outages across Kyiv and several regions.
10 October is internationally observed as the World Day Against the Death Penalty. What is the main purpose of this day?To enforce capital punishment lawsTo celebrate judicial executionsTo advocate for the abolition of the death penaltyTo promote stricter penalties for crimeC) To advocate for the abolition of the death penaltyThe European and World Day Against the Death Penalty, observed on October 10, is dedicated to raising awareness and mobilizing efforts against the use of capital punishment globally.
On October 9, 2025, Israel and Hamas agreed to which of the following?A final peace treaty dissolving HamasThe first phase of a Gaza ceasefire / prisoner-hostage exchange dealA permanent withdrawal of Israeli forces from all of GazaA joint governance arrangement in GazaB) The first phase of a Gaza ceasefire / prisoner-hostage exchange dealOn October 9, 2025, Israel approved a deal in principle for the first phase of a ceasefire and exchange of hostages and prisoners, marking a potential step toward pausing hostilities.
On the same day, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy stated he would nominate which former U.S. president for the Nobel Peace Prize, conditional on achieving a Ukraine ceasefire?Barack ObamaGeorge W. BushBill ClintonDonald TrumpD) Donald TrumpZelenskyy said he would nominate Donald Trump for the Nobel Peace Prize if Trump helps to secure a ceasefire in Ukraine.
On October 9, 2025, Chinese Premier Li Qiang traveled to which country to attend the 80th anniversary of its ruling party?VietnamNorth KoreaLaosCambodiaB) North KoreaLi Qiang arrived in Pyongyang, North Korea, for a three-day visit to participate in events marking the 80th anniversary of the Korean Workers’ Party.
On October 8, 2025, France’s EDF (Électricité de France) received notice of what action starting that day?A major nuclear reactor shutdownA labor strike going from Oct 8 to Oct 9Privatization of its renewable energy divisionA merger with another European utilityB) A labor strike going from Oct 8 to Oct 9French nuclear operator EDF confirmed receipt of a strike notice scheduled to begin late on October 8 and continue through October 9.
On October 8, 2025, Singapore carried out which of the following actions as per news reports?Announced a new free trade agreement with ASEANExecuted a Malaysian national convicted of drug traffickingHeld a climate summit with Pacific island statesDeclared a state of emergency due to floodingB) Executed a Malaysian national convicted of drug traffickingOn that day, Singapore executed Pannir Selvam Pranthaman, a Malaysian convicted in 2014 for heroin trafficking
According to October 8, 2025 reports, a mosque sheltering displaced people in El Fasher, Sudan was struck. What was the reported death toll?10203550C) 35RSF shelling hit a mosque sheltering internally displaced people in the Abushouk al-Hilla neighbourhood in El Fasher, killing at least 35 people.
On October 7, 2025, Israelis held commemorations marking the second anniversary of which event?The signing of the Abraham AccordsHamas’s 2023 attack on IsraelThe establishment of the Gaza Strip as a Palestinian stateThe Oslo AccordsB) Hamas’s 2023 attack on IsraelOn October 7, 2025, Israelis held memorials and events for the second anniversary of the October 7, 2023, Hamas-led assault, which resulted in around 1,200 deaths and 251 hostages.
From October 7–9, 2025, which international summit convened in Spain focusing on transparency, accountability and public participation?G20 SummitWorld Economic Forum Annual MeetingOpen Government Partnership (OGP) Global SummitUnited Nations Climate Change ConferenceC) Open Government Partnership (OGP) Global SummitSpain hosted the 2025 OGP Global Summit in Vitoria-Gasteiz from October 7 to 9, bringing together civil society and government to discuss open government reforms.
On October 7, 2025, the UK’s Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) announced compensation for millions of consumers over what issue?Mis-sold pensionsMis-sold loan protection insuranceMis-sold car financeMis-sold mobile phone contractsC) Mis-sold car financeThe FCA announced that about 14 million people in the UK who were mis-sold car finance between April 2007 and November 2024 could receive around £700 each under proposed compensation plans
On October 6, 2025, ceasefire / peace negotiations between Israel and Hamas began in which country?JordanEgyptQatarTurkeyB) EgyptIndirect talks began in Egypt over the U.S.-proposed Gaza plan involving hostages, truce, and related issues.
On October 6, 2025, the European Union announced what new measure against Russian diplomats?Expulsion of all diplomatsTravel curbs requiring them to notify authorities before crossing bordersFreezing of all diplomatic bank accountsProhibition on using diplomatic vehiclesB) Travel curbs requiring them to notify authorities before crossing bordersEU member states agreed that Russian diplomats would need to notify host countries before traveling across borders within the bloc.
On October 6, 2025, Australia and Papua New Guinea signed a significant defence agreement. What was the nature of that agreement?A mutual defence pact to defend against external attacksAn intelligence-sharing agreement onlyA trade agreement with defence clausesA non-binding security cooperation memorandumA) A mutual defence pact to defend against external attacksAustralia and Papua New Guinea formalized a mutual defence treaty, elevating security relations between them.
On October 5, 2025, ceasefire negotiations in Gaza were set to be held in which city?CairoDohaSharm el-SheikhAmmanC) Sharm el-SheikhReports on Oct 5 indicated that talks between Israeli and Hamas delegations were to be held in Sharm el-Sheikh to finalize technical ceasefire and hostage release arrangements.
On October 5, 2025, a major mass shooting event occurred in which country?United KingdomAustraliaUnited StatesCanadaB) AustraliaOn October 5, 2025, a man was arrested after opening fire in inner-west Sydney, injuring around 16 people
On October 5, 2025, which Middle Eastern country held parliamentary elections — the first since a major regime change?LibyaIraqSyriaYemenC) SyriaOn October 5, 2025, Syria held its first parliamentary elections since the fall of the Assad regime in 2024.
On 4 October 2025, the U.S. passed the Genius Act, which is intended to regulate which of the following financial instruments?Cryptocurrencies like BitcoinStablecoinsSovereign bondsDerivativesB) StablecoinsThe Genius Act mandates that stablecoins should be fully backed by liquid assets and requires regular disclosures.
On 4 October 2025, the Global Innovation Index 2025 was released by WIPO. Which country’s performance or ranking was noted in the news coverage for that date?ChinaUnited StatesIndiaGermanyC) IndiaThe news item mentioned “India’s scorecard” in relation to the GII 2025 release.
4 October is also observed internationally as World Animal Day. What is the significance of this day?It marks the founding of the World Wildlife FundIt is a day of action for animal rights and welfareIt commemorates a famous animal scientist’s birthIt celebrates the first zoo in modern historyB) It is a day of action for animal rights and welfareWorld Animal Day is an international observance dedicated to animal rights and welfare, celebrated annually on October 4.
On October 3, 2025, the U.S. Senate faced a continued stalemate over funding legislation during the federal government shutdown. What action did House Speaker Mike Johnson announce that day?He agreed to pass a temporary funding bill immediatelyHe announced an extension of the House recess for another weekHe resigned from the speakershipHe called for a joint session of Congress to resolve the impasseB) He announced an extension of the House recess for another weekAfter another failed vote in the Senate, the House Speaker declared that the House would remain in recess for an additional week, further delaying resolution of the shutdown.
On October 3, 2025, Japan reported a tragic accident in its Mie Prefecture. What happened?A high-speed train derailedA passenger ferry sankAn overcrowded minivehicle overturned, killing five peopleA bridge collapsed during heavy rainC) An overcrowded minivehicle overturned, killing five peopleOfficials reported that a minivehicle carrying too many passengers flipped in Nabari (Mie Prefecture), resulting in five fatalities
On October 3, 2025, in Luxembourg, a significant constitutional transition took place. What was it?The country adopted a new constitutionThe Prime Minister resigned in a surprise moveGrand Duke Henri abdicated in favor of his son GuillaumeLuxembourg joined a new regional unionC) Grand Duke Henri abdicated in favor of his son GuillaumeOn October 3, 2025, Grand Duke Henri officially stepped down, and his son Guillaume succeeded him as the monarch.
On October 2, 2025, Papua New Guinea approved a delayed defence treaty with which country, elevating their relations toward alliance status?United StatesChinaAustraliaJapanC) AustraliaPapua New Guinea’s cabinet signed off on the mutual defence treaty with Australia to strengthen security cooperation and interoperability.
On October 2, 2025, South Korea’s President issued an apology concerning which historical issue?Forced labour during WWIIKorean War POWsOverseas adoption abuses in the 1970s–80sLand confiscations during 1960sC) Overseas adoption abuses in the 1970s–80sPresident Lee apologized for poorly managed overseas adoptions in past decades, which involved abuse and fraud in the process.
On October 2, 2025, the UK saw a major violent incident. What was it?A bombing in London UndergroundA vehicle-ramming and stabbing attack at a synagogue in ManchesterAn explosion at a government building in BirminghamAn attack on a royal processionB) A vehicle-ramming and stabbing attack at a synagogue in ManchesterTwo people were killed and others injured in a combined car and knife attack at the Heaton Park Hebrew Congregation synagogue in Manchester; the suspect was shot dead
On October 1, 2025, the U.S. government began a partial shutdown because Congress failed to pass funding legislation. Which of the following is a direct consequence mentioned?All federal employees were laid off immediatelyThe U.S. Patent and Trademark Office planned to lay off about 1% of its staffAll military operations ceasedSocial Security payments were suspendedB) The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office planned to lay off about 1% of its staffWith the shutdown, non-essential agencies must reduce staffing; the USPTO indicated it may cut about 1% of its roughly 14,000 employees
In October 2025, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) forecasted a shift in climate patterns for October–November–December. What was the key prediction?A strong El Niño developingA weak La Niña emergingA neutral ENSO phase continuingA sudden reversal to El Niño conditionsB) A weak La Niña emergingThe WMO seasonal climate update predicted that sea surface temperature anomalies in key Niño regions would decline, favoring the emergence of a weak La Niña phase during OND 2025
China’s Communist Party planned to convene a major internal meeting in October 2025. Which meeting is this, and when is it scheduled?Fifth Plenum, October 10–13Third Plenum, October 15–18Fourth Plenum, October 20–23Sixth Plenum, October 25–28C) Fourth Plenum, October 20–23The Chinese Communist Party is set to hold its Fourth Plenum from October 20 to 23.