Which technique removes hidden surfaces from 3D scenes?Rasterization Z-bufferingRay tracingTranslationB) Z-bufferingZ-buffering tracks depth to hide non-visible surfaces.
Frame buffer is used to store:InstructionsPixel dataText inputSound filesB) Pixel dataFrame buffer holds pixel values for display.
Which projection preserves relative proportions?Perspective projectionOrthographic projectionIsometric projectionDistorted projectionB) Orthographic projectionOrthographic projection maintains true scale.
Shading that uses vertex colors and interpolates across surfaces is:Flat shadingGouraud shadingPhong shadingTexture mappingB) Gouraud shadingGouraud shading smooths colors across polygons.
Anti-aliasing is used to:Compress imagesReduce jagged edgesChange resolutionStore 3D dataB) Reduce jagged edgesAnti-aliasing smooths edges of digital images.
Which algorithm is used for line drawing?DijkstraBresenham’s algorithmFloyd-WarshallKruskalB) Bresenham’s algorithmBresenham’s algorithm efficiently determines which pixels form a straight line.
The process of removing hidden surfaces is called:ClippingShadingHidden surface removalRenderingC) Hidden surface removalEnsures only visible surfaces of 3D objects are displayed.
Which transformation changes the size of an object?ScalingTranslationRotationReflectionA) ScalingScaling increases or decreases object dimensions.
Frame buffer stores:Source codePixel valuesTransformation matrixGeometric dataB) Pixel valuesFrame buffer holds pixel data for display on screen.
Which shading method interpolates color across surfaces?Flat shadingGouraud shadingWireframeNoneB) Gouraud shadingGouraud shading smooths color transitions by interpolating vertex colors.
The process of removing hidden surfaces is called:RasterizationClippingHidden surface removalRenderingC) Hidden surface removalEnsures only visible surfaces are displayed in 3D graphics.
Frame buffer stores:Object coordinatesPixel intensity valuesTransformation matrices Lighting modelsB) Pixel intensity valuesFrame buffer contains color values for rendering images.
Phong shading improves upon Gouraud shading by:Faster computationInterpolating normals instead of intensitiesIgnoring lightingUsing wireframesB) Interpolating normals instead of intensitiesPhong shading gives smoother and realistic lighting.
Z-buffer algorithm is used for:Anti-aliasingHidden surface detectionTexture mappingAnimationB) Hidden surface detectionZ-buffer stores depth values to resolve visibility.
Raster graphics store images as:PolygonsPixelsVectorsCoordinates onlyB) PixelsRaster images are grids of pixels.
Which transformation changes the size of an object?ScalingRotationTranslationShearingA) ScalingScaling enlarges or shrinks objects in graphics.
Z-buffering is used for:Texture mappingHidden surface removalLighting modelsAnti-aliasingB) Hidden surface removalZ-buffering tracks depth to display correct visible surfaces.
Which shading technique provides smooth gradient transitions?Flat shadingGouraud shadingWireframe shadingBinary shadingB) Gouraud shadingGouraud shading interpolates vertex colors for smooth shading.
Which algorithm is commonly used for hidden surface removal?Dijkstra’s AlgorithmZ-Buffer AlgorithmBFSFlood FillB) Z-Buffer AlgorithmZ-buffer compares depth values to resolve visible surfaces.
Anti-aliasing is used to:Increase resolutionSmooth jagged edgesCompress texturesRemove shadowsB) Smooth jagged edgesAnti-aliasing blends pixels to reduce staircase effect.
In ray tracing, rays are traced:Forward from light sourceBackward from cameraOnly from reflectionsBetween objects onlyB) Backward from cameraThis is computationally efficient for realistic rendering.
Phong shading improves upon Gouraud shading by:Using fewer verticesInterpolating normals for per-pixel lightingRemoving polygonsIncreasing polygon countB) Interpolating normals for per-pixel lightingProduces smoother highlights.
Framebuffer stores:Sound dataPixel color valuesDatabase recordsObject coordinatesB) Pixel color valuesFramebuffer holds pixel intensity/color for display.
Which algorithm is used for line clipping?Dijkstra’s AlgorithmCohen–SutherlandPrim’s AlgorithmBresenham’s AlgorithmB) Cohen–SutherlandIt determines which parts of a line lie inside or outside a clipping window.
Anti-aliasing in computer graphics helps to:Increase polygon countSmooth jagged edgesImprove contrastReduce textureB) Smooth jagged edgesAnti-aliasing blends edge pixels to make lines appear smoother.
The z-buffer algorithm is used for:Hidden surface removalLightingTexture mappingColor interpolationA) Hidden surface removalIt stores depth information to decide which surfaces are visible.
Phong shading is preferred over flat shading because it:Uses less memoryProduces smoother lighting effectsRequires no normalsWorks without texturesB) Produces smoother lighting effectsPhong shading interpolates normals for more realistic lighting.
Rasterization converts:2D images to 3DVector data to pixelsPixels to vectorsModels to meshesB) Vector data to pixelsIt transforms geometric data into pixel form for display.
Texture mapping adds:GeometrySurface detail appearanceLightingShadowsB) Surface detail appearanceIt applies images to 3D models.
A frame buffer stores:AudioPixel color dataVerticesEventsB) Pixel color dataFrame buffer holds final image output.
The Gouraud shading technique interpolates:Vertex colorsNormals TexturesZ-valuesA) Vertex colorsLighting computed per vertex then interpolated.
Double buffering reduces:Rendering lagFlickeringMemoryPolygon countB) FlickeringIt uses back/front buffers for smooth frames.
The term “viewport” refers to:Window on world coordinatesHardware portFrame rate Depth bufferA) Window on world coordinatesViewport maps scene to display area.
Which algorithm determines visible surfaces by comparing depths of each pixel?Bresenham’sZ-bufferDDAFlood-fillB) Z-bufferZ-buffering compares depth values to manage visibility in 3D scenes.
A “fragment shader” in modern graphics pipeline is responsible for:Vertex transformationsPixel color computationGeometry creationLighting modelsB) Pixel color computationIt calculates the final color for each pixel after geometry processing.
Which algorithm is commonly used for hidden surface removal?Dijkstra’sZ-BufferBresenham’sFlood-FillB) Z-bufferThe Z-Buffer algorithm keeps track of depth to display visible surfaces only.
What is the role of a rasterizer in the graphics pipeline?Converts vectors to pixels Stores texturesCompiles shadersHandles lightingA) Converts vectors to pixelsRasterization transforms geometric data into pixel data for display.
Which color model is device-independent?RGBCMYKHSLCIE LabD) CIE LabCIE Lab is perceptually uniform and not tied to hardware characteristics.
Which transformation includes scaling, rotation, and translation?Affine TransformationPerspective ProjectionOrthographic ViewClippingA) Affine TransformationAffine transformations preserve lines and planes while altering size or orientation.
What does anti-aliasing help reduce?Frame rateJagged edgesLight intensityPolygon countB) Jagged edgesAnti-aliasing smooths diagonal and curved lines for better image quality.
Rasterization converts:2D to 3D3D objects to 2D pixelsPixels to textText to imageB) 3D objects to 2D pixelsRasterization transforms 3D models into pixel-based images.
The frame buffer stores:VerticesImage pixel dataTextAudioB) Image pixel dataIt holds color values of all pixels before display.
Phong shading is used for:ReflectionsLighting effectsAnimationTexture mappingB) Lighting effectsPhong model provides smooth illumination and realistic light.
FPS measures:Screen sizeRendering speed ResolutionBandwidthB) Rendering speedFrames per second indicate animation smoothness.
The process of converting 3D models to 2D images is called:RenderingModelingAnimationProjectionA) RenderingRendering transforms 3D scenes into 2D visuals with lighting and texture.
The refresh rate of a monitor is measured in:BytesPixelsHertzLumensC) HertzRefresh rate indicates how often the display updates per second.
Anti-aliasing helps to:Increase speedReduce jagged edgesBrighten colorsEnhance motionB) Reduce jagged edgesIt smooths pixelated edges in images.
Raster graphics are based on:VectorsPixelsNodesEquationsB) PixelsRaster images use a grid of pixels to form visuals.
Vector graphics are best used for:Photographscons and logosPixel artRasterizationB) Icons and logosVector images scale without quality loss.
Ray tracing simulates:Network flowSound reflectionLight interactionObject rotationC) Light interactionRay tracing calculates reflection and refraction for realistic rendering.
Which coordinate system is used in 3D graphics?PolarCartesianSphericalHexagonalB) Cartesian3D systems define objects in x, y, z coordinates.
The GPU is mainly used for:Input operationsImage renderingFile compressionText displayB) Image renderingGPUs accelerate parallel processing in visual tasks.
Which transformation changes an object’s position?ScalingTranslationRotationReflectionB) TranslationTranslation moves an object from one coordinate position to another.
Which coordinate system is commonly used in computer graphics?CartesianPolarHexadecimalSphericalA) CartesianComputer graphics primarily use Cartesian coordinates to define object positions.
The Phong reflection model improves realism by:Ignoring light sourcesAdding specular highlightsFlattening color tonesRemoving shadowsB) Adding specular highlightsIt accounts for reflections that simulate shiny surfaces under lighting.
What is the purpose of clipping in graphics?Resize images Remove portions outside view areaBlend texturesAdd light sourcesB) Remove portions outside view areaClipping discards parts of objects that lie outside the visible frame.
What does GPU stand for?General Processing UnitGraphical Processing UnitGlobal Processing UnitGrid Processing UnitB) Graphical Processing UnitB) Graphical Processing UnitGPUs are optimized for rendering images and parallel data computation.
Raster graphics are made up of:LinesPixelsVectorsCoordinatesB) PixelsRaster images are pixel-based, while vector graphics use mathematical curves.
What is the frame rate measured in?PixelsFPSBytesHzB) FPSFrames per second measure how many frames are rendered per second in animation.
Phong shading improves:Polygon countSmoothness of lightingFrame rateMemory useB) Smoothness of lightingPhong shading calculates pixel-level lighting for realistic effects.
In 3D graphics, the Z-buffer is used for:Texture mappingDepth calculationColor blendingObject rotationB) Depth calculationThe Z-buffer tracks depth values to render visible surfaces correctly.
The Phong model is used for:Edge detectionShadingTexture compressionColor quantizationB) ShadingPhong shading interpolates surface normals for smooth lighting effects.
Which algorithm removes hidden surfaces?Flood fillPainter’s algorithm ScanlineBresenhamB) Painter’s algorithmIt draws far objects first and nearer ones later to handle visibility.
Anti-aliasing improves:SpeedResolutionImage smoothnessCompressionC) Image smoothnessAnti-aliasing smooths jagged edges in digital graphics.
Rasterization converts:Images to pixelsVectors to pixelsPixels to linesText to binaryB) Vectors to pixelsRasterization turns vector data into pixel-based images.
OpenGL is mainly used for:Database management Graphics renderingData encryptionWeb scrapingB) Graphics renderingOpenGL is a cross-language API for 2D and 3D graphics.
Antialiasing improves:StoragePerformance Visual qualityColor depthC) Visual qualityIt smoothens jagged edges in rendered images.