Weather refers to:Long-term atmospheric conditionsDaily atmospheric conditionsOcean temperatureEarth’s rotationB) Daily atmospheric conditionsWeather describes short-term conditions like temperature, rain, and wind.
Which instrument measures rainfall?ThermometerBarometerRain GaugeHygrometerC) Rain GaugeA rain gauge is specifically designed to measure rainfall.
Monsoon winds are mainly caused by:Earth’s rotationOcean currentsSeasonal temperature differencesVolcanic activityC) Seasonal temperature differencesMonsoon winds change direction due to heating and cooling of land and sea.
Which gas is mainly responsible for the greenhouse effect?OxygenNitrogenCarbon DioxideHydrogenC) Carbon DioxideCOâ‚‚ traps heat and causes global warming.
Climate is the average weather condition of an area for at least:1 year5 years10 years30 yearsD) 30 yearsClimate is measured over long periods, usually 30 years.
Which layer of the atmosphere contains ozone?TroposphereStratosphereMesosphereThermosphereB) StratosphereThe ozone layer is located in the stratosphere.
Which factor mainly controls temperature differences on Earth?LatitudeLongitudeAltitudePressureA) LatitudeLatitude affects the angle of sunlight received by different regions.
Cyclones usually form over:DesertsMountainsOceansForestsC) OceansCyclones develop over warm ocean waters.
Which wind blows from land to sea at night?Sea breezeTrade windLand breezeMonsoonC) Land breezeAt night, land cools faster, causing wind to blow toward the sea.
Which element is measured by a barometer?TemperatureWind speedAir pressureHumidityC) Air pressureA barometer measures atmospheric pressure.
Which climate is found near the Equator?DesertPolarTropicalMediterraneanC) TropicalAreas near the Equator receive direct sunlight year-round.
Fog is formed due to:EvaporationCondensationPrecipitationRadiationB) CondensationFog forms when water vapor condenses near the ground.
Which instrument measures wind speed?BarometerThermometerAnemometerHygrometerC) AnemometerAn anemometer measures the speed of wind.
El Niño affects mainly:Land temperatureOcean currentsEarth rotationAtmospheric pressure onlyB) Ocean currents: El Niño is caused by warming of Pacific Ocean waters.
Which climate has hot summers and mild winters?PolarTropicalMediterraneanTundraC) MediterraneanMediterranean climate features warm, dry summers and mild winters.
Which factor causes seasons on Earth?Earth’s rotationEarth’s tiltEarth’s shapeOcean currentsB) Earth’s tiltEarth’s tilted axis causes seasonal changes.
Which cloud type brings heavy rainfall?CirrusStratusCumulonimbusCumulusC) CumulonimbusCumulonimbus clouds cause storms and heavy rain.
Cumulonimbus clouds cause storms and heavy rain.Air pressureWind speedAmount of water vapor in airTemperature levelC) Amount of water vapor in airHumidity measures moisture content in the air.
Which phenomenon causes extremely heavy rainfall in South Asia?Trade windsMonsoonCycloneWestern disturbancesB) MonsoonMonsoon winds bring seasonal heavy rains to South Asia.
Which instrument measures humidity?ThermometerBarometerHygrometerAnemometerC) HygrometerA hygrometer measures moisture in the air.
Frost usually forms when temperature falls below:5°C0°C10°C–5°CB) 0°CFrost forms when temperature drops to freezing point.
Which scale is used to measure temperature?RichterCelsiusDecibelPascalB) CelsiusCelsius is commonly used to measure temperature.
Which type of rainfall is caused by rising warm air?ConvectionalOrographicCyclonicMonsoonA) ConvectionalConvectional rainfall occurs due to rising warm air.
Convectional rainfall occurs due to rising warm air.Excess rainfallStrong windsLong absence of rainHeavy snowfallC) Long absence of rain Drought results from prolonged lack of rainfall.
Which instrument measures air pressure?ThermometerHygrometerBarometerAnemometerC) BarometerA barometer is used to measure atmospheric pressure.
Which gas protects Earth from harmful UV rays?OxygenCarbon dioxideOzoneNitrogenC) OzoneThe ozone layer absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Which phenomenon causes heavy rainfall in South Asia?Trade windsMonsoonCycloneJet streamB) MonsoonMonsoon winds bring seasonal rainfall to South Asia.
Which factor mainly controls temperature differences on Earth?LongitudeLatitudeAltitudeWindB) LatitudeLatitude affects the angle of sunlight received.
What type of rainfall is common in equatorial regions?CyclonicOrographicConvectionalFrontalC) ConvectionalStrong heating causes rising air and convectional rainfall.
Which wind is also known as a hot local wind in Pakistan and India?ChinookLooSiroccoMistralB) LooLoo is a hot, dry wind blowing in summer.
Which instrument measures wind speed?BarometerAnemometerHygrometerThermometerB) AnemometerAn anemometer is used to measure wind speed.
Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?TroposphereMesosphereStratosphereThermosphereC) StratosphereThe ozone layer is located in the stratosphere.
Which type of climate is found near the Equator?MediterraneanDesertTundraEquatorialD) EquatorialEquatorial regions are hot and wet throughout the year.
Which term describes the average weather of a place over a long period?ClimateWeatherTemperatureSeasonA) ClimateClimate refers to long-term weather patterns of a region.
Which gas is most abundant in Earth’s atmosphere?OxygenCarbon dioxideNitrogenHydrogenC) NitrogenNitrogen makes up about 78% of the atmosphere.
Which type of cloud is associated with thunderstorms?CirrusStratusCumulonimbusNimbostratusC) CumulonimbusCumulonimbus clouds cause thunderstorms and heavy rain.
Which term describes the average weather of a place over a long period?WeatherClimateTemperatureSeasonB) ClimateClimate refers to long-term weather patterns of a region.
Which gas is most abundant in Earth’s atmosphere?OxygenCarbon dioxideNitrogenHydrogenC) NitrogenNitrogen makes up about 78% of the atmosphere.
Which type of cloud is associated with thunderstorms?CirrusStratusCumulonimbusNimbostratusC) CumulonimbusCumulonimbus clouds cause thunderstorms and heavy rain.
Which type of rainfall is caused by mountains?ConvectionalCyclonicFrontalOrographicD) OrographicOrographic rainfall occurs when moist air rises over mountains.
Which layer of the atmosphere contains most weather activity?StratosphereMesosphereTroposphereThermosphereC) TroposphereClouds, rain, and storms occur in the troposphere.
Which phenomenon causes El Niño?Cooling of Pacific OceanWarming of Pacific OceanMelting of glaciersVolcanic eruptionB) Warming of Pacific OceanEl Niño occurs due to abnormal warming of the Pacific Ocean.
Which gas is responsible for the greenhouse effect?OxygenNitrogenCarbon dioxideArgonC) Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide traps heat in the atmosphere.
Which type of climate is found in desert regions?HumidAridPolarTemperateB) AridDeserts have very low rainfall and arid climate.
Which scale is used to measure wind speed?RichterBeaufortFahrenheitCelsiusB) BeaufortThe Beaufort scale measures wind speed.
Which climate has moderate temperature and rainfall?TropicalPolarTemperateDesertC) TemperateTemperate climates experience mild temperatures and moderate rainfall.
Which gas mainly causes acid rain?Carbon monoxideSulphur dioxideOxygenNitrogenB) Sulphur dioxideSulphur dioxide reacts with water vapor to form acid rain.
Which wind blows from land to sea at night?Sea breezeTrade windLand breezeMonsoonC) Land breezeAt night, land cools faster, causing wind to blow toward the sea.
