Which search technique is used in Artificial Intelligence to guarantee finding the shortest path solution?Depth First Search (DFS)Breadth First Search (BFS)Hill ClimbingGreedy SearchB) Breadth First Search (BFS)BFS explores level by level and guarantees the shortest path in terms of number of steps, unlike DFS or heuristic-based methods.
Which branch of AI deals with enabling computers to understand human language?Computer VisionNLPRoboticsExpert SystemsB) NLPNatural Language Processing enables machines to interpret and process human language.
Which algorithm is used in decision-making problems under uncertainty?A* AlgorithmMinimaxBayesian NetworkBFSC) Bayesian NetworkBayesian networks model probabilistic relationships between variables.
Turing Test is used to measure:CPU SpeedHuman IntelligenceMachine IntelligenceData StorageC) Machine IntelligenceThe Turing Test checks if a machine can mimic human intelligence.
Knowledge representation in AI means:Representing raw dataStoring only numbersEncoding information about the world in a form a computer can useDisplaying chartsC) Encoding information about the world in a form a computer can useKnowledge representation enables AI systems to reason and make decisions.
Which search strategy explores nodes level by level?DFSBFSHill ClimbingRandom SearchB) BFSBreadth-First Search explores nodes level-wise.
Which is considered a strong AI characteristic?Task-specific performanceHuman-level reasoningPre-programmed decisionsSimple pattern matchingB) Human-level reasoningStrong AI aims to replicate human cognitive abilities and general intelligence.
In AI, knowledge representation refers to:Storing big dataRepresenting information in a form understandable by machinesEncoding passwordsBuilding GUIsB) Representing information in a form understandable by machinesKnowledge representation involves encoding information in logical or semantic formats for reasoning.
Which of these is a component of an intelligent agent?Perception, Action, Performance MeasureInput, Output, DatabaseCode, Compiler, MachineBrain, Memory, NetworkA) Perception, Action, Performance MeasureAn intelligent agent perceives the environment, acts upon it, and is evaluated by performance.
Expert systems are primarily used for:Web developmentDecision making in a specific domainImage renderingOperating systemsB) Decision making in a specific domainExpert systems use knowledge bases and inference engines to solve problems like human experts.
Which AI approach is based on rewards and penalties?Supervised LearningUnsupervised LearningReinforcement LearningSemi-supervised LearningC) Reinforcement LearningReinforcement learning uses rewards to guide agents towards optimal behavior.
Turing Test is used to measure:Hardware efficiencyMachine learning accuracyMachine intelligenceNetwork latencyC) Machine intelligenceTuring Test evaluates if a machine can exhibit behavior indistinguishable from humans.
Which of these is NOT an AI search algorithm?A* SearchMinimaxBubble SortIterative Deepening SearchC) Bubble SortBubble sort is a sorting algorithm, not a search algorithm.
Neural networks are inspired by:Electrical circuitsHuman brain neuronsBinary treesLogic gatesB) Human brain neuronsNeural networks mimic biological neurons to process data in layers.
Which type of agent uses a model of the world to make decisions?Simple Reflex AgentModel-Based Reflex AgentUtility-Based AgentRandom AgentB) Model-Based Reflex AgentModel-based agents store an internal model of the environment to choose actions intelligently.
A* algorithm is a combination of:BFS + DFSUniform Cost Search + Greedy Best-First SearchDFS + Hill ClimbingMin-Max + Alpha-BetaB) Uniform Cost Search + Greedy Best-First SearchA* uses path cost + heuristic for optimal and efficient search.
Which logic is used in AI for uncertain reasoning?Propositional LogicFuzzy LogicPredicate LogicBoolean LogicB) Fuzzy LogicFuzzy logic deals with degrees of truth rather than binary true/false.
Which of the following is NOT a type of agent in AI?Simple Reflex AgentGoal-Based AgentUtility-Based AgentStatic AgentD) Static AgentAI agents are designed to be responsive; static agents are not used.
Alpha-Beta pruning is used in:Search TreesGenetic AlgorithmNeural NetworksPerceptronA) Search TreesAlpha-Beta pruning optimizes Minimax algorithm in game playing.
Perceptron is a:Linear ClassifierNonlinear ClassifierClustering AlgorithmDecision TreeA) Linear ClassifierA single-layer perceptron can separate linearly separable data.
Which algorithm is used for optimal decision making under uncertainty?MinimaxExpectimaxA*Hill ClimbingB) ExpectimaxExpectimax accounts for probabilistic outcomes unlike minimax.
Which search algorithm uses no heuristic information?Greedy Best FirstUniform Cost SearchA* SearchHill ClimbingB) Uniform Cost SearchUCS is uninformed and explores lowest path cost without heuristics.
Which of these is an example of reinforcement learning?Classification of emailsRobot learning to walkGrouping images by colorPredicting house priceB) Robot learning to walkReinforcement learning uses rewards/punishments for learning sequences of actions.
Which AI approach stores knowledge as semantic networks?Neural NetworksSearch TreesKnowledge RepresentationGenetic AlgorithmC) Knowledge RepresentationSemantic networks represent relationships as nodes and links
What is the main drawback of BFS compared to DFS?Can get stuck in loopsRequires more memoryFinds non-optimal solutionsCannot handle cyclesB) Requires more memoryBFS stores all frontier nodes, consuming large memory for big graphs.
Which of these is an uninformed search algorithm?A* SearchGreedy Best-First SearchDepth-First SearchHill ClimbingC) Depth-First SearchDFS explores nodes blindly without using heuristics.
Expert systems mainly use:Neural NetworksKnowledge Base and Inference EngineGenetic AlgorithmsDecision Trees onlyB) Knowledge Base and Inference EngineExpert systems store domain knowledge and apply inference rules.
In AI, knowledge representation using graphs is called:Neural RepresentationSemantic NetworksDecision TreesFramesB) Semantic NetworksSemantic networks represent concepts and relationships as nodes and edges.
Which learning type requires feedback in form of rewards/punishments?Supervised LearningReinforcement LearningUnsupervised LearningSemi-Supervised LearningB) Reinforcement LearningRL agents learn through interactions and feedback signals.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) mainly deals with:Image RecognitionSpeech and Text UnderstandingRoboticsData MiningB) Speech and Text UnderstandingNLP enables machines to process and understand human language.
The Turing Test evaluates a machine’s ability to:Learn patternsMimic human intelligenceSolve math problemsStore knowledgeB) Mimic human intelligenceTuring Test measures a machine’s ability to exhibit human-like intelligence.
Which algorithm is used in game playing?A*MinimaxKNNGradient DescentB) MinimaxMinimax is used in decision-making for two-player games.
Knowledge in AI is represented using:FlowchartsKnowledge representation techniquesER diagramsCode coverageB) Knowledge representation techniquesTechniques like semantic nets and frames represent knowledge.
Which is an application of NLP?Compiler designSentiment analysisOS schedulingCache mappingB) Sentiment analysisNLP is used to analyze text and extract sentiments.
Heuristic functions are mainly used in:SortingSearchingInformed search algorithmsCompilationC) Informed search algorithmsHeuristics guide search algorithms like A*.
Which search technique guarantees finding the shallowest solution?Depth-First SearchBreadth-First SearchBest-First SearchHill ClimbingB) Breadth-First SearchBFS explores nodes level by level, ensuring shallowest solution.
Which logic is used in AI to handle uncertainty?Boolean logicFuzzy logicPredicate logicPropositional logicB) Fuzzy logicFuzzy logic allows reasoning with uncertain or imprecise data.
Expert systems are based on:HeuristicsKnowledge base and inference engineNeural networksDecision treesB) Knowledge base and inference engineExpert systems use stored knowledge and reasoning to solve problems.
Which AI algorithm is inspired by natural evolution?A*Genetic AlgorithmMinimaxKNNB) Genetic AlgorithmGenetic algorithms mimic selection, crossover, and mutation processes.
Which agent acts only based on current percepts?Learning agentReflex agentGoal-based agentUtility-based agentB) Reflex agentReflex agents map percepts directly to actions without memory.
A* algorithm uses:Only g(n)Only h(n)g(n) + h(n)NoneC) g(n) + h(n)A* combines path cost and heuristic.
Which is a type of unsupervised learning?RegressionClusteringClassificationPerceptronB) ClusteringClustering groups unlabeled data.
Turing Test evaluates:EfficiencyIntelligenceMemory usageLearning rateB) IntelligenceIt checks whether a machine exhibits human-like intelligence.
Which of these is not a knowledge representation technique?Semantic networksProduction rulesNeural networksFramesC) Neural networksNeural networks are learning models, not symbolic representations.
Natural Language Processing involves:Speech and text understandingGraphics renderingFile managementCryptographyA) Speech and text understandingNLP enables machines to process human language.
A* search combines:Depth and BreadthDFS and BFSUCS and Greedy searchHill climbing and BFSC) UCS and Greedy searchA* uses path cost + heuristic.
Which is a knowledge representation technique?Decision treesNeural networksSemantic networksGenetic algorithmsC) Semantic networksSemantic networks store knowledge using nodes and edges.
Turing Test checks for:Memory capacityMachine intelligenceData accuracyProcessing speedB) Machine intelligenceIt evaluates human-like intelligent behavior.
Which algorithm is commonly used for backtracking?Depth First SearchBreadth First SearchUniform Cost SearchHill ClimbingA) Depth First SearchDFS explores one path fully before backtracking.
In expert systems, knowledge base contains:Facts and rulesOnly factsOnly rulesAlgorithmsA) Facts and rulesKnowledge base = facts + inference rules.
Which search algorithm guarantees the shortest path in unweighted graphs?DFSBFSA* SearchHill ClimbingB) BFSBreadth-First Search finds shortest paths in unweighted graphs.
In AI, knowledge representation can be done using:Semantic networksFramesPredicate logicAll of theseD) All of theseDifferent schemes exist for knowledge representation in AI.
Which heuristic search uses both actual cost and estimated cost?BFSA* SearchDFSUniform Cost SearchB) A* SearchA* combines g(n) + h(n), where g = actual cost, h = heuristic.
Expert systems are primarily designed for:Image renderingReasoning and decision-makingDatabase storageCompilersB) Reasoning and decision-makingExpert systems mimic human experts to solve domain problems.
Turing Test evaluates:Memory of machineIntelligence of machineSpeed of machineKnowledge base sizeB) Intelligence of machineA machine passes the Turing Test if it can imitate human responses.
Which algorithm is used for solving constraint satisfaction problems?Hill ClimbingBacktrackingGenetic Algorithm A* SearchB) BacktrackingBacktracking systematically explores solutions to CSPs.
Which learning paradigm uses rewards and punishments?Supervised learningUnsupervised learningReinforcement learningDeep learningC) Reinforcement learningRL trains agents based on reward signals.
Which AI technique is used in Natural Language Processing?Symbolic reasoningNeural networksHidden Markov ModelsAll of the aboveD) All of the aboveNLP uses multiple AI techniques to process language.
Which of the following is a non-monotonic reasoning system?Propositional logicPredicate logicDefault logicBoolean algebraC) Default logicNon-monotonic systems allow withdrawal of inferences with new info.
Knowledge base in AI is represented using:RulesFactsOntologiesAll of theseD) All of theseKnowledge bases use multiple representation forms.
Which algorithm guarantees the shortest path in a weighted graph (no negative weights)?DFSBFSDijkstraHill ClimbingC) DijkstraDijkstra’s finds shortest paths in weighted graphs.
An agent that keeps track of the world’s state is called:Reactive agentModel-based agentUtility-based agentLearning agentB) Model-based agentModel-based agents maintain internal state.
Which AI concept is inspired by Darwin’s theory of evolution?Genetic AlgorithmsNeural NetworksExpert SystemsFuzzy LogicA) Genetic AlgorithmsThey use selection, crossover, and mutation like natural evolution.They use selection, crossover, and mutation like natural evolution.
Alpha-beta pruning is used in:Knowledge representationSearch optimizationMachine learningRoboticsB) Search optimizationIt reduces nodes evaluated in minimax search.
Which of the following is an unsupervised learning algorithm?K-means clusteringNaive BayesDecision TreesLogistic RegressionA) K-means clusteringK-means groups unlabeled data into clusters.
Which AI technique is inspired by human brain functioning?Genetic AlgorithmNeural NetworksExpert SystemsFuzzy LogicB) Neural NetworksNeural networks mimic human brain neurons.
Which search algorithm expands the shallowest unexpanded node first?Depth-First SearchBreadth-First SearchBest-First SearchA* SearchB) Breadth-First SearchBFS explores nodes level-wise.
What does NLP stand for in AI?Natural Logic ProcessingNeural Learning ProcessNatural Language ProcessingNumeric Language ProgrammingC) Natural Language ProcessingNLP helps machines understand and interpret human languages.
Which type of learning uses labeled data?Reinforcement LearningSupervised LearningUnsupervised LearningSemi-Supervised LearningB) Supervised LearningSupervised learning requires labeled input-output pairs.
In AI, which algorithm is commonly used for game playing?Dijkstra’s AlgorithmMinimax AlgorithmK-means AlgorithmNaïve BayesB) Minimax AlgorithmMinimax is used for decision-making in adversarial games.
Which algorithm is used in game playing AI?MinimaxAprioriNaïve BayesLinear RegressionA) MinimaxMinimax chooses optimal moves in games.
Which search is uninformed?A* SearchBFSDFSBoth B and CD) Both B and CBFS and DFS don’t use heuristics.
Natural Language Processing is a branch of:AINetworkinDBMSOSA) AINLP enables machines to understand human language.
Which system uses a knowledge base and inference engine?Neural NetworkExpert SystemGenetic AlgorithmReinforcement AgentB) Expert SystemExpert systems reason with stored knowledge and inference rules.
Which search algorithm uses only a heuristic to guide search?Uniform Cost SearchDepth First SearchGreedy Best-First SearchBreadth First SearchC) Greedy Best-First SearchGreedy search selects nodes with the lowest heuristic value.
Which technique allows large language models to improve responses by using examples provided within the prompt itself?Transfer LearningReinforcement LearningIn-Context LearningFederated LearningC) In-Context LearningIn-context learning enables AI models to learn patterns from examples included directly in the prompt, without updating model parameters.
