What does “LAN” stand for in computer networks?Local Area NetworkLarge Access NetworkLine Area NodeLinked Automatic NetworkA – Local Area Network (covers small area like office or home).A – Local Area Network (covers small area like office or home).
Which device forwards packets based on MAC address?HubSwitchRouterGatewayB) SwitchSwitches work at Layer 2 of the OSI model and forward frames based on MAC addresses.
In networking, TCP stands for:Transmission Control ProtocolTransport Communication PathTransfer Control ProgramTransmission Computer ProtocolA) Transmission Control ProtocolTCP is a reliable transport layer protocol used for connection-oriented communication.
IP address 192.168.1.1 belongs to which class?Class AClass BClass CClass DC) Class CIP addresses from 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 fall under Class C.
Which layer of OSI model ensures end-to-end delivery?NetworkTransportSessionData LinkB) TransportThe Transport layer is responsible for reliable end-to-end delivery of data.
DNS is used to:Translate domain names to IP addressesSend emailEncrypt dataProvide routingA) Translate domain names to IP addressesDNS resolves human-readable domain names into IP addresses.
The protocol used for secure communication over the internet is:HTTPFTPHTTPsTelnetC) HTTPSHTTPS uses SSL/TLS for secure encrypted communication over the web.
Which layer of the OSI model handles routing?Application LayerTransport LayerNetwork LayerData Link LayerC) Network LayerThe network layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing packets between networks.
Which device operates at the Data Link layer?SwitchRouterHubGatewayA) SwitchSwitches use MAC addresses and operate at Layer 2 (Data Link) of the OSI model.
Which of these is a connectionless protocol?TCPUDPFTPSMTPB) UDPUDP (User Datagram Protocol) is connectionless and does not guarantee delivery.
DNS is used for:Assigning IP addressesTranslating domain names to IP addressesRouting packetsEncrypting dataB) Translating domain names to IP addressesDNS converts human-readable domain names into machine-readable IPs.
Which device is used to connect different networks with different protocols?SwitchBridgeGatewayRepeaterC) GatewayGateways connect networks using different protocols and translate data formats.
The main function of ARP is:Resolve IP to MAC addressResolve MAC to IP addressRoute packetsProvide encryptionA) Resolve IP to MAC addressARP maps logical IP addresses to physical MAC addresses in a local network.
Which topology has a single point of failure?RingStarMeshHybridB) StarIn star topology, failure of the central hub or switch brings down the entire network.
Which protocol is used for email transmission?HTTPSMTPFTPSNMPB) SMTPSimple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) sends emails between mail servers.
Which layer ensures error detection and correction?PhysicalData LinkTransportApplicationB) Data LinkData Link layer handles error detection and correction using CRC or parity.
Which protocol is connection-oriented?UDPTCP IPICMPB) TCPTCP establishes a connection before data transfer ensuring reliability.
DNS is used to:Encrypt data packetsTranslate domain names to IP addressesRoute packets between networksManage MAC addressesB) Translate domain names to IP addressesDNS resolves human-readable names into IP addresses.
Which topology has a single point of failure?StarMeshBusRingA) StarIn star topology, if the central hub fails, the network goes down.
The maximum segment size (MSS) is defined in:EthernetUDP HeaderTCP HandshakeIP LayerC) TCP HandshakeMSS is negotiated during TCP three-way handshake to set payload size.
SMTP protocol is used for:Sending emailsReceiving emailsResolving domain namesEncrypting dataA) Sending emailsSMTP handles sending of emails between servers.
Which protocol resolves IP address to hostname?DNS Reverse LookupARPICMPFTPA) DNS Reverse LookupReverse DNS lookup maps IP address back to domain name.
Which layer of OSI model is responsible for encryption?SessionPresentationApplicationTransportB) PresentationPresentation layer handles encryption, compression, and translation.
Which device separates collision domains?HubSwitchRepeaterModemB) SwitchSwitches create separate collision domains per port.
What is the maximum length of a standard IPv4 address in bits?326412816A) 32IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses (4 octets).
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for error detection?Network LayerData Link LayerTransport LayerSession LayerB) Data Link LayerData Link layer detects and sometimes corrects errors in frames.
Which protocol is connection-oriented?UDPTCPIPICMPB) TCPTCP provides reliable, connection-oriented communication.
What is the default port for HTTPS?212580443D) 443HTTPS uses port 443 for secure web communication.
In IPv6, address size is:32 bits64 bits128 bits256 bitsC) 128 bitsIPv6 uses 128-bit addressing to support a vast address space.
Which device works at both Data Link and Network layers?SwitchBridgeRouterGatewayD) GatewayGateways connect networks and can operate across multiple OSI layers.
Which layer handles error detection and correction?PhysicalData LinkNetworkTransportB) Data LinkThe data link layer ensures error-free delivery over the physical medium.
In networking, DNS is used for:Assigning IP addressesTranslating domain names to IP addressesEncrypting dataRouting packetsB) Translating domain names to IP addressesDNS converts human-readable names into machine-readable IPs.
Which topology provides the highest fault tolerance?BusRingMeshStarC) MeshMesh topology provides multiple paths, ensuring redundancy.
IP version 6 addresses are of length:32 bits64 bits128 bits256 bitsC) 128 bits IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses for larger address space.
Which protocol is used for sending emails?FTPSMTPHTTPSNMPB) SMTPSimple Mail Transfer Protocol is used for email transmission.
Which device connects multiple LANs at the network layer?SwitchRouterBridgeHubB) RouterRouters forward packets between different networks using IP addresses.
Which of the following is a connection-oriented protocol?IPUDPTCPICMPC) TCPTCP establishes a connection before transmitting data.
Which multiplexing allows multiple signals in separate frequency bands?TDMFDMWDMCDMB) FDMFrequency Division Multiplexing assigns unique frequency bands to signals.
The maximum length of a MAC address is:32 bits48 bits64 bits128 bitsB) 48 bitsMAC addresses are 48-bit hardware identifiers for network devices.
IPv6 address size is:32 bits48 bits64 bits128 bitsD) 128 bitsIPv6 uses 128-bit addresses for more unique IPs.
In OSI, encryption is provided at:Network layerSession layerPresentation layerTransport layerC) Presentation layerPresentation layer manages encryption and translation.
CSMA/CD is used in:Wi-FiToken RingEthernetBluetoothC) EthernetCSMA/CD detects collisions in Ethernet.
Which protocol resolves IP to MAC address?ICMPARPRARPDNSB) ARPARP maps IP addresses to hardware addresses.
The data unit at transport layer is called:FrameSegmentPacketBitB)SegmentTransport layer breaks data into segments.
Which layer ensures reliable delivery?ApplicationTransportNetworkData LinkB) TransportTransport layer provides reliability.
ARP stands for:Address Routing ProtocolAddress Resolution ProtocolApplication Routing ProcessAutomatic Response ProtocolB) Address Resolution ProtocolARP maps IP to MAC addresses.
Which device connects different networks?SwitchRouterHubRepeaterB) RouterRouters forward packets between networks.
Collision domain is reduced by:HubSwitchRepeaterModemB) SwitchSwitches isolate collision domains.
Which protocol is used for secure transfer of files?FTPTFTPSFTPTelnetC) SFTPSFTP adds security layer to FTP.
Maximum data rate of a channel is given by:Shannon’s theoremHamming codeNyquist rateRSA algorithmA) Shannon’s theoremShannon defines channel capacity with noise.
OSI model has how many layers?5678C) 7OSI model consists of 7 layers from Physical to Application.
Which protocol is used to retrieve emails from a server?SMTPPOP3FTPHTTPB) POP3POP3 allows clients to download emails from mail servers.
The device that connects LANs at the network layer is:SwitchRouterBridgeHubB) RouterRouters operate at the network layer using IP addresses.
The unit of data at the Data Link Layer is called:PacketFrameSegmentBitB) FrameData link layer encapsulates data into frames.
Which addressing is used in the Internet?Physical addressingLogical addressingPort addressingNoneB) Logical addressingIP addressing is logical, independent of physical hardware.
Which layer of TCP/IP model corresponds to OSI’s Transport layer?ApplicationInternetTransportNetwork AccessC) TransportTCP/IP transport layer provides end-to-end communication.
Which routing algorithm updates tables by sharing information with neighbors?Link-stateDistance vectorFloodingDijkstra’sB) Distance vectorDistance vector routing updates neighbors with periodic info.
Which protocol is used for secure web browsing?HTTPHTTPsFTPTelnetB) HTTPSHTTPS ensures confidentiality using SSL/TLS encryption.
The maximum payload size of an Ethernet frame is:1500 bytes1024 bytes64 KB512 bytesA) 1500 bytesEthernet frames support up to 1500-byte payloads.
Which multiple access method is used in Wi-Fi?TDMAFDMACSMA/CACDMAC) CSMA/CAWi-Fi uses CSMA/CA to reduce collisions.
Which device operates at the data link layer of OSI model?SwitchRouterHubGatewayA) SwitchSwitches use MAC addresses at Layer 2.
Which of the following is a classless addressing scheme?Class AClass BClass CCIDRD) CIDRClassless Inter-Domain Routing allocates IPs more flexibly.
Which topology requires the most cabling?BusStarRingMeshD) MeshMesh connects each node to every other node.
ICMP is primarily used for:EncryptionError reportingRouting updatesFile transferB) Error reportingICMP reports errors and operational information.
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for error detection and correction?PhysicalData LinkTransportNetworkB) Data LinkThe Data Link layer ensures reliable frame delivery.
Which protocol is used to dynamically assign IP addresses?DNSDHCPARPICMPB) DHCPDHCP automatically assigns IP addresses to hosts.
What is the default port for HTTP?212580110C) 80Port 80 is the standard for HTTP communication.
Which topology provides a dedicated point-to-point connection?BusStarRingMeshD) MeshIn a mesh, each device has a direct connection to every other device.
Which of these is NOT a guided transmission medium?Coaxial cableOptical fiberRadio wavesTwisted pairC) Radio wavesRadio waves are unguided.
Which of the following is a connectionless protocol?TCPFTPUDPSMTPC) UDPUDP sends packets without connection setup.
In IPv4, which class is used for multicasting?Class AClass BClass CClass DD) Class DClass D (224.0.0.0 – 239.255.255.255) is for multicast.
Which device works at the data link layer?SwitchRouterHubGatewayA) SwitchSwitches operate at Layer 2.
Which device is used to connect networks operating on different protocols?SwitchRepeaterGatewayHubC) GatewayGateways translate between different protocols.
Which layer establishes, manages, and terminates sessions?Application LayerSession LayerTransport LayerPresentation LayerB) Session LayerSession Layer controls dialogs and synchronization.
Which multiplexing technique allocates separate frequencies to signals?TDMFDMCDMWDMB) FDMFrequency Division Multiplexing assigns different frequency bands.
