Which of the following unit operations is primarily used to separate components of a liquid mixture based on differences in their boiling points?FiltrationSedimentationDistillationAdsorptionC) DistillationDistillation is a widely used separation technique in chemical engineering that relies on the differential volatility of components in a liquid mixture to separate them by heating and cooling.
What is the main purpose of a "crystallizer" in chemical engineering?To separate liquids of different densities.To convert a gas into a liquid.To separate a solute from a solution by forming solid crystals.To increase the temperature of a solution rapidly.C) To separate a solute from a solution by forming solid crystals.Crystallization is a chemical solid-liquid separation technique, in which mass transfer of a solute from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline phase occurs.
Which type of reactor is typically used for small-scale production, research, or processes where composition changes over time?Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)Plug Flow Reactor (PFR)Batch ReactorFluidized Bed ReactorC) Batch Reactor A batch reactor operates in a non-steady-state manner, meaning reactants are loaded, allowed to react for a specific time, and then products are removed. This makes them suitable for small-scale, flexible, or highly specialized processes.
What does "kinetics" refer to in chemical reaction engineering?The study of the energy changes during a reaction.The study of the rates at which chemical reactions occur.The study of the equilibrium state of reactions.The study of fluid flow patterns in reactors.B) The study of the rates at which chemical reactions occur.Chemical kinetics is the study of reaction rates, how reaction rates are affected by various conditions, and the mechanisms by which reactions proceed. This is crucial for designing and operating chemical reactors.
Which of the following is a key aspect of "process safety" in chemical engineering? Maximizing product yield. Ensuring the safe operation of chemical plants to prevent accidents, fires, and explosions.Optimizing energy consumption.Developing new catalysts.B) Ensuring the safe operation of chemical plants to prevent accidents, fires, and explosions. Process safety management (PSM) is a proactive approach to managing hazardous chemicals and preventing incidents. It focuses on preventing catastrophic events, particularly those involving highly hazardous chemicals.
What is the purpose of a "distillation column" in the petrochemical industry?To generate electricity.To separate crude oil into different fractions (e.g., gasoline, diesel) based on their boiling points.To produce synthetic rubber.To treat wastewater. B) To separate crude oil into different fractions (e.g., gasoline, diesel) based on their boiling points.Distillation columns (or fractionation columns) are central to refineries, used to separate crude oil into various petroleum products with different boiling ranges by utilizing the principle of fractional distillation.
What is the purpose of a "reactor" in a chemical plant?To store raw materials.To separate products from reactants.To provide a controlled environment for chemical reactions to occur. To purify water.C) To provide a controlled environment for chemical reactions to occur. A chemical reactor is a vessel or apparatus used to contain chemical reactions. Its purpose is to optimize the conditions for a chemical reaction to convert reactants into desired products efficiently and safely.
Which type of flow pattern in a pipe is characterized by smooth, orderly fluid movement with layers gliding past one another?Turbulent flowLaminar flowTransitional flowSupersonic flowB) Laminar flowLaminar flow occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between the layers. In contrast, turbulent flow is characterized by chaotic fluid movement with eddies and swirls.
What does "equilibrium" refer to in the context of chemical reactions?The point where the reaction stops completely.The state where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, and the net concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.The temperature at which a reaction occurs fastest.The complete conversion of reactants into products. B) The state where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, and the net concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.Chemical equilibrium is a state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, so the net change in reactant and product concentrations is zero.
Which unit operation is used to remove a soluble component from a solid mixture by dissolving it in a liquid solvent?Adsorption Leaching (Solid-Liquid Extraction)Drying EvaporationB) Leaching (Solid-Liquid Extraction) Leaching, or solid-liquid extraction, is a mass transfer operation where a soluble component is dissolved and separated from an insoluble solid by contacting it with a liquid solvent.
What is the primary function of a "pump" in a chemical process? To cool down liquids. To transfer heat between fluids.To increase the pressure of a fluid and move it through a system.To separate solid particles from a liquid.C) To increase the pressure of a fluid and move it through a system. A pump is a mechanical device that moves fluids (liquids or gases) by mechanical action, typically by increasing the fluid's pressure to overcome resistance in a piping system.
What is the primary function of a "distillation column" in a chemical plant? To mix different chemical reactants together.To separate a liquid mixture into its component parts based on differences in volatility.To filter solid particles from a liquid stream. To increase the pressure of a fluid.B) To separate a liquid mixture into its component parts based on differences in volatility.Distillation is a widely used separation process in chemical engineering. A distillation column separates a liquid mixture into its component fractions by using differences in boiling points (volatility).
What is a "catalyst" in a chemical reaction? A substance that is consumed during a chemical reaction. A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.A substance that slows down a chemical reaction.A substance that changes the final products of a reaction.B) A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy. It is not used up in the reaction and can be recovered afterward.
What is the primary objective of "mass transfer" operations in chemical engineering?To manage the flow of heat in a system.To transfer a component from one phase to another (e.g., liquid to gas, or liquid to solid). To increase the physical mass of a substance.To control the pressure within a reactor.B) To transfer a component from one phase to another (e.g., liquid to gas, or liquid to solid).Mass transfer is a fundamental concept that describes the movement of one substance through another. Chemical engineers use mass transfer operations like distillation, absorption, and extraction to separate and purify mixtures.
Which of the following is a key characteristic of an "exothermic" chemical reaction?It absorbs heat from its surroundings.It releases heat into its surroundings. It requires a catalyst to occur.It can only occur at very high temperatures.B) It releases heat into its surroundings.An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy, usually in the form of heat or light. This results in the reaction products having less energy than the reactants.
What is a "Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)" used for in a chemical plant?To track the financial performance of the plant.To show the details of the process flow, including all piping, equipment, and instrumentation.To manage the plant's human resources.To create a marketing plan for the plant's products.B) To show the details of the process flow, including all piping, equipment, and instrumentation.A P&ID is a detailed diagram that shows the piping, process equipment, and instrumentation used in a chemical process. It is a critical document for design, construction, operation, and maintenance
What is the purpose of a "reactor" in a chemical plant?To store finished products.To transport raw materials.To carry out a chemical reaction.To purify water.C) To carry out a chemical reaction.A chemical reactor is an enclosed volume in which a chemical reaction takes place. It is the heart of most chemical processes.
The process of converting a liquid to a solid is called:Melting Freezing EvaporationCondensationB) FreezingFreezing is a phase transition where a liquid changes into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point.
What is "viscosity"?A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.A measure of a fluid's density.A measure of a fluid's temperature.A measure of a fluid's pressure.A) A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress. For example, honey has a higher viscosity than water.
"Filtration" is a process used to:Separate components of a mixture based on boiling points.Separate solids from fluids by passing the mixture through a porous medium.Mix two or more liquids together.Heat a substance to a very high temperature.B) Separate solids from fluids by passing the mixture through a porous medium.Filtration is a physical separation process that separates solid matter from a fluid (liquid or gas) by using a filter medium.
What is a "distillation column"?A device used to mix chemicals. A device used to heat chemicals. A device used to separate liquid mixtures into their components based on differences in volatility.A device used to cool chemicals. C) A device used to separate liquid mixtures into their components based on differences in volatility.A distillation column is a piece of chemical engineering equipment used for distillation, which is a process to separate the components of a liquid mixture.
The term "heat exchanger" refers to a device that:Generates heat.Transfers heat from one fluid to another.Stores heat.Measures heat. B) Transfers heat from one fluid to another.A heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat between two or more fluids.
What is the main purpose of a "crystallizer" in a chemical process?To melt a solid.To mix two liquids.To separate a solid from a liquid by converting it into a crystal.To evaporate a liquid.C) To separate a solid from a liquid by converting it into a crystal.A crystallizer is a vessel in which crystallization takes place, separating a liquid-solid mixture by forming solid crystals from a solution.
The term "stoichiometry" refers to the calculation of:The amount of energy in a chemical reaction.The quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.The speed of a chemical reaction.The temperature of a chemical reaction.B) The quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between the elements in a compound and between the substances involved in a chemical reaction.
What is the purpose of a "chemical reactor"?A device that stores chemicals.A vessel in which a chemical reaction is carried out.A device that transports chemicals.A device that purifies chemicals.B) A vessel in which a chemical reaction is carried out.A chemical reactor is an enclosed volume in which a chemical reaction takes place. It is a fundamental unit in chemical processing.
The process of converting a solid directly into a gas is called:MeltingCondensationSublimation EvaporationC) SublimationSublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas state, without passing through the liquid state.
What is a "reactor"?A device that stores chemicals. A vessel in which a chemical reaction is carried out.A device that transports chemicals.A device that purifies chemicals. B) A vessel in which a chemical reaction is carried out.A chemical reactor is an enclosed volume in which a chemical reaction takes place. It is a fundamental unit in chemical processing.
The term "catalysis" refers to the use of a catalyst to:Slow down a reaction.Speed up a reaction.Stop a reaction.Reverse a reaction. B) Speed up a reaction.Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the addition of a substance called a catalyst.
The process of "distillation" is based on the difference in the components':Density Boiling pointsMolecular weightColorB) Boiling pointsDistillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatility (boiling points) of the components.
What is a "centrifuge" in a chemical process?To mix chemicals. To heat chemicals.To separate components of a mixture by spinning them at high speeds.To cool chemicals.C) To separate components of a mixture by spinning them at high speeds. A centrifuge is a machine that uses centrifugal force to separate different components of a fluid based on their density.
What is a "distillation column"?A device used to mix chemicals.A device used to heat chemicals.A device used to separate liquid mixtures into their components based on differences in volatility.A device used to cool chemicals.C) A device used to separate liquid mixtures into their components based on differences in volatility.A distillation column is a piece of chemical engineering equipment used for distillation, which is a process to separate the components of a liquid mixture.
The term "heat exchanger" refers to a device that:Generates heat.Transfers heat from one fluid to another.Stores heat. Measures heat.B) Transfers heat from one fluid to another.A heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat between two or more fluids.
What is the main purpose of a "crystallizer" in a chemical process?To melt a solid.To mix two liquids.To separate a solid from a liquid by converting it into a crystal.To evaporate a liquid.C) To separate a solid from a liquid by converting it into a crystal.A crystallizer is a vessel in which crystallization takes place, separating a liquid-solid mixture by forming solid crystals from a solution.
The term "stoichiometry" refers to the calculation of:The amount of energy in a chemical reaction.The quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.The speed of a chemical reaction.The temperature of a chemical reaction.B) The quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between the elements in a compound and between the substances involved in a chemical reaction.
What is the purpose of a "chemical reactor"?A device that stores chemicals. A vessel in which a chemical reaction is carried out. A device that transports chemicals.A device that purifies chemicals. B) A vessel in which a chemical reaction is carried out.A chemical reactor is an enclosed volume in which a chemical reaction takes place. It is a fundamental unit in chemical processing.
What is a "distillation column"?A device used to mix chemicals. A device used to heat chemicals.A device used to separate liquid mixtures into their components based on differences in volatility.A device used to cool chemicals.C) A device used to separate liquid mixtures into their components based on differences in volatility. A distillation column is a piece of chemical engineering equipment used for distillation, which is a process to separate the components of a liquid mixture.
The term "heat exchanger" refers to a device that:Generates heat.Transfers heat from one fluid to another.Stores heat.Measures heat. B) Transfers heat from one fluid to another.A heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat between two or more fluids.
What is the main purpose of a "crystallizer" in a chemical process?To melt a solid. To mix two liquids.To separate a solid from a liquid by converting it into a crystal.To evaporate a liquid.C) To separate a solid from a liquid by converting it into a crystal.A crystallizer is a vessel in which crystallization takes place, separating a liquid-solid mixture by forming solid crystals from a solution.
The term "stoichiometry" refers to the calculation of:The amount of energy in a chemical reaction.The quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.The speed of a chemical reaction. The temperature of a chemical reaction. B) The quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between the elements in a compound and between the substances involved in a chemical reaction.
What is the purpose of a "chemical reactor"?A device that stores chemicals.A vessel in which a chemical reaction is carried out.A device that transports chemicals.A device that purifies chemicals. B) A vessel in which a chemical reaction is carried out.A chemical reactor is an enclosed volume in which a chemical reaction takes place. It is a fundamental unit in chemical processing.
What is a "catalyst"? A substance that slows down a chemical reaction.A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. A substance that is consumed in a chemical reaction.A substance that is produced in a chemical reaction.B) A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.A catalyst is a substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction, thus increasing the rate of the reaction.
The term "reactor vessel" refers to:A device that stores chemicals. A vessel in which a chemical reaction is carried out. A device that transports chemicals. A device that purifies chemicals. B) A vessel in which a chemical reaction is carried out.A reactor vessel is an enclosed volume in which a chemical reaction takes place. It is a fundamental unit in chemical processing.
The term "distillation" refers to the process of:Separating a solid from a liquid.Separating a liquid mixture into its components based on differences in volatility. Mixing two liquids. Heating a liquid.B) Separating a liquid mixture into its components based on differences in volatility.Distillation is a process of separating components from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation.
What is "fluid dynamics"?The study of stationary fluids. The study of fluids in motion.The study of solid materials.The study of gases.B) The study of fluids in motion.Fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that deals with fluid flow.
A heat exchanger is a device used to:Generate heat.Transfer heat from one fluid to another.Store heat.Measure heat.B) Transfer heat from one fluid to another. A heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat between two or more fluids.
The term "stoichiometry" refers to the calculation of: The amount of energy in a chemical reaction.The quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.The speed of a chemical reaction.The temperature of a chemical reaction.B) The quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between the elements in a compound and between the substances involved in a chemical reaction.
What is a "reactor"?A device that stores chemicals.A vessel in which a chemical reaction is carried out.A device that transports chemicals.A device that purifies chemicals.B) A vessel in which a chemical reaction is carried out.A chemical reactor is an enclosed volume in which a chemical reaction takes place.
The term "crystallization" refers to the process of:Separating a solid from a liquid.Separating a liquid mixture into its components. Mixing two liquids.Heating a liquid. A) Separating a solid from a liquid. Crystallization is a process of separating a solid from a liquid by converting it into a crystal.
What is the main purpose of a "distillation column"?To separate liquids based on their boiling points.To mix two or more liquids.To filter out solid particles from a liquid.To cool down a liquid.A) To separate liquids based on their boiling points.A distillation column, or distillation tower, is a key piece of equipment used for the separation of liquid mixtures into their component parts based on differences in volatility.
The term "catalyst" in chemical engineering is a substance that: Increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed.Decreases the rate of a chemical reaction.Is a product of a chemical reaction. Is a reactant in a chemical reaction.A) Increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed.A catalyst is used to accelerate a chemical reaction without undergoing any permanent chemical change.
What is the main purpose of a "separator" in a chemical plant?To mix chemicals.To separate a mixture into its different components.To heat a mixture.To cool a mixture.B) To separate a mixture into its different components. A separator is a device used to separate a mixture into its different phases or components.
The term "distillation" refers to the process of:Separating a solid from a liquid.Separating a liquid mixture into its components based on differences in volatility.Mixing two liquids.Heating a liquid.B) Separating a liquid mixture into its components based on differences in volatility.Distillation is a process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation.
What is a "heat exchanger"?A device that generates heat.A device that transfers heat from one fluid to another.A device that stores heat.A device that measures heat. B) A device that transfers heat from one fluid to another.A heat exchanger is a device used to efficiently transfer heat between two or more fluids at different temperatures.
The process of separating components from a mixture based on differences in their boiling points is called:Evaporation FiltrationDistillationCondensationC) Distillation Distillation is a separation process that relies on the differences in volatility of the components in a boiling liquid mixture.
The term "catalyst" refers to a substance that:Is consumed during a chemical reaction. Slows down a chemical reaction.Increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed. Is produced during a chemical reaction.C) Increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed.A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not itself a reactant in the overall reaction.
What is the main purpose of a "heat exchanger"?A device that generates heat.A device that stores heat.A device that transfers heat from one fluid to another.A device that measures heat.C) A device that transfers heat from one fluid to another.A heat exchanger is a device used to efficiently transfer heat between two or more fluids at different temperatures.